NFT在元宇宙，是“造富神话”还是“击鼓传雷” ｜ 雷峰网

在业界心中，经济系统一直被视为“元宇宙基建”中的重要一环。

In industry, the economic system has always been seen as an important part of the “megaspace infrastructure”.

区块链和NFT技术则被看作是元宇宙经济系统的支柱。在半年前国盛证券出具的行业报告中，区块链更是被称为元宇宙的“补天石”和“点睛之笔”。

Block chains and NFT technologies are seen as the backbone of the meta-cosmos economic system.

在支撑元宇宙经济上，NFT被许多人寄予了厚望。

In the economy that sustains the meta-cosmos, NFT has been placed in high hopes by many.

但在光芒的背面，NFT和区块链也面临巨大的质疑。人民网在今天专门发文，呼吁监管警惕在NFT火热背后的种种风险，并呼吁市场对NFT投资持谨慎态度。

But, on the bright back, NFT and block chains are also in great doubt. The People’s Network has issued a special message today calling for surveillance to be vigilant about the risks behind the NFT fire, and for markets to be cautious about NFT investments.

在元宇宙的语境下，人们都期盼着NFT能成为真正的“造富神话”。而在元宇宙建设者们的眼中，NFT可不仅只是一波“掘金热潮”这么简单。

In the context of the meta-cosmos, people look forward to NFT becoming a true “fashion-making myth.” In the eyes of the architects of the meta-cosmos, NFT is not just a wave of “gold-seeking”.

今天，NFT虽然称不上“爆火”，但也仍然占据着不少人的眼球。

Today, NFT does not qualify as a “explosive fire”, but it still occupies the eyes of many.

被人如此关注，倒也不难理解：靠着10000幅由算法生成的鲸鱼头像，创作者在一个夏天赚取了约250万人民币的收益，更不同说这个创作者竟只是个12岁的小男孩。

It is not difficult to understand that, with 10,000 algorithm-generated whale heads, creators earned around 2.5 million yuan in a summer, much less a 12-year-old boy.

这样的故事还并不少见，数字视觉艺术家 Beeple 的一套作品《Everydays: The First 5000 Days》，以 NFT 的方式在佳士得拍出了6,935万美元的成交价。

It's not unusual for a digital visual artist, The First 5000 Days, to have a contract of $69.35 million in the form of NFTs.

能写出如此造富神话，让人不关注都难。

It is difficult to write such a myth of wealth without attention.

根据陀螺研究院的数据，截至2020年，加密金融市场规模已经超过了2.5亿美元。而据业内人士估计，这个数字在今年可以达到3亿以上。加密空间的创始人Mars告诉雷峰网，在NFT面世之前，业内都在做金融相关的区块链应用，但大都数都没有挣到真钱。而NFT在海外的造富神话影响力之大，让许多“隔岸观火”的中国从业者也心痒难耐，想要分一杯羹。

According to the gyros, by 2020, the size of the financial market for encryption had exceeded $250 million. According to industry, it could reach over 300 million this year.

从2017年“火”到今天，数字经济和区块链学者、元宇宙投资人吴桐说NFT并没有如“四年经济周期论”所说进入到它的“衰退期”。国盛证券给出的报告也提到，在未来NFT很可能将脱离这一经济常规。由于资本仍在入局，未来的NFT很可能进入一个持续增量的状态。

From “Fire” in 2017 to today, the digital economy and block chain scholar and Yuan cosmopolitan Gon said that NFT did not enter its “recession period” as stated in the “four-year economic cyclical theory.” The report given by the state’s securities also mentioned that NFT is likely to be out of the economic routine in the future. As capital is still in the game, the future NFT is likely to be in a state of continuous growth.

而在元宇宙概念大火的今天，NFT会遇到它新的机遇吗？

And today, when the concept of the meta-cosmos is on fire, will NFT meet its new opportunities?

NFT是区块链技术发展过程产生的一个表现形式。与比特币等同质化代币不同，每个NFT都是独一无二、不可分割的。两枚比特币的价值是完全相同的；而元宇宙中，两个NFT的价值则大有可能相去甚远。

NFT is a manifestation of the technological development of the block chain. Unlike Bitcoin, each NFT is unique and indivisible. The two bitcoins have exactly the same value; in the meta-cosm, the value of the two NFTs is much different.

这恰好反映了现实世界中的规律，同一种类的物件可能蕴含着不同的价值。吴桐对雷峰网说：“就比如，在北京闹市口的一平方地价，就和西单的一平方地价不同。虽然价值可以通过货币来进行衡量，但至少内容是完全不同的。”

This is a reflection of the laws of the real world, where the same kind of objects may have different values. Go said to Le Peaknet: “A square land price at Beijing, for example, is different from the one square land price of the western bill. While the value can be measured in monetary terms, at least the content is completely different.”

内容的独特性，恰好是元宇宙经济系统的底层逻辑。也正是在这种逻辑下，元宇宙代币的丰富、广泛流通才能够成为可能。

The uniqueness of the content is precisely the underlying logic of the meta-cosmos economic system. It is precisely this logic that makes it possible to have a rich and extensive circulation of the coins of the meta-cosmos.

经济学的三大基础假设之一，就是“资源的稀缺性”。而打破了这一基础假设的，是数字经济的兴起。经济学家周春生在他的著作《无限供给》中提到，数字产品由于可以无限复制和传播，生产的边际成本为零。这就让数字产品具有可以被无限供给的特点，因此它的价值是难以估算的。

One of the three underlying assumptions of economics is “resource scarcity.” The underlying assumption is the emergence of the digital economy.

虽然在移动互联网时代，许多游戏产品也在其中设置了充值和代币的功能。但实质上，用户利用现实货币购买的并非是“代币”，而是“服务”，也就是所谓的“游戏即服务“”GaaS。

Although in the mobile Internet age, many game products also have a charge and a token function. But in essence, users use real money to purchase not “demons,” but “services”, the so-called “play is services” GaaS.

即使是用户利用内购获得道具、服装、卡牌等“财产”，但其实质是运营商为用户提供的服务。即使用户“穿”上了新购得的游戏“时装”，那也并非用户真正获得了这个“时装”，而只是被运营商打开了能够穿着这个“时装”外观的权限。

Even if the user uses in-sourcing to obtain “property” such as props, clothing, cards, etc., the essence of this is the services that the operator provides to the user. Even if the user “weares” on the newly acquired game “fashion”, it is not the user who really gets the “fashion” but is simply allowed by the operator to wear the “fashion” look.

但GaaS的模式面临着一个重大缺陷：玩家购买的是服务，但服务的价值却不能独立存在。

However, the GaaS model faces a major flaw: the player buys the service, but the value of the service cannot exist independently.

想象一下，如果王者荣耀停运（虽然难以想象但总有一天），你在游戏中花费了大量金钱购买的皮肤和角色会去哪里？

Imagine where your skin and character, which you spent a lot of money on in the game, would be if the King's glory stopped (though hard to imagine but one day)?

如果游戏崩盘，无限供给的游戏服务也就不再存在。这就是GaaS模式固有的“死穴”。

If the game collapses, the infinity of the game service will no longer exist. This is the "Death Cave" inherent in the GaaS mode.

NFT的破局之法，是对资源的供给进行限制。供给的有限性让一定程度上脱离了经济法则的“数字化”产品回归了商品规律，重新可以用供求关系来进行衡量。

NFT’s failure limits the supply of resources. Limited supply allows “digitized” products that are somewhat out of line with economic law to return to commodity patterns and can again be measured in terms of supply and demand.

同时，不同于限量发售的游戏皮肤、角色等道具，由于NFT基于区块链技术的去中心化存储特点，即使游戏平台关闭，储存在链上的外观、道具等财产将仍然独立存在，并具有价值（通常是收藏价值）。

At the same time, unlike limited distribution of game skins, roles, etc., because NFT is based on decentralised storage features of block chain technology, property such as appearances, props, etc. stored on the chain will remain independent and of value (usually collection value) even if the platform is closed.

目前的NFT应用场景主要是两大块，艺术和游戏。前者通过NFT的方式保证图文音视频作品的唯一性，售卖权证获取利润；后者则通过在游戏中置入NFT道具，让玩家可以通过倒手游戏道具变现。

The current NFT application is dominated by two major pieces, the arts and games. The former secures the uniqueness of graphic video productions through NFTs, while the sales license earns profits, while the latter makes it possible for players to realize them by putting NFT props in the game.

然而实际上，拥有NFT让你拥有的并非是一副艺术作品或是一串游戏代码，而是能够证明你确实拥有这个艺术作品或游戏道具的“身份证”。尽管在购得这张“身份证”后，你能获得与这其相关的商用权利，有些同时还能获得会员等衍生的身份权利，但这一切真的值吗？

In practice, however, the possession of NFT does not give you an artistic work or a set of game codes, but rather a “identity card” that can prove that you do own the work or the props of the game. Is it really worth it, though, after this “identity card” has been purchased, that you are entitled to the commercial rights associated with it, some of which are also derived from the right to identity, such as membership?

目前市面上的NFT数字图像艺术品通常以算法自动生成为主，是不同画面元素的排列组合。在早先，完成一副画作至少需要数小时，而有些作品则需要数年的心血才能完成。而在NFT时代，电脑可以在毫秒间自动生成数千、上万张作品。这是让许多看客认为购买NFT不值的主要原因之一。

In the current market, NFT digital graphics are often created automatically by algorithms and are a combination of different image elements. Earlier, it took at least a few hours to complete a painting, while some took years to complete.

在马克思的劳动价值论中，商品的价值被定义为“无差别的人类劳动”，并以社会必要劳动时间为衡量尺度。如果用这种衡量方式来看待自动生成的NFT数字艺术品，那么它们将一文不值。

In Marx’s labour value theory, the value of goods is defined as “undifferentiated human labour” and measured by the time that society needs to work.

面对这个问题，人们看法有所不同。欧科云链的高级研究员孙宇林对雷峰网说，在新的数字化时代，劳动已经不能简单地应用先前的经济学理论进行思考。在数据、算力、甚至注意力成为了生产要素之一后，商品生产的流程就与先前大不相同。所以应该适用新的计算模型，来重新构建Web3.0时代的经济理论。

When data, arithmetic, and even attention becomes one of the factors of production, the process of commodity production is very different from before. So a new calculation model should be applied to reconstruct the economic theory of the Web3.0 era.

而经济学家吴桐认为，目前的NFT数字艺术品还远不能称为社会商品，而是爱好者们愿者上钩的艺术收藏。尽管目前NFT的价格确实波动幅度较大，但在未来NFT逐渐普及的过程中，市场也会逐渐回归理性。

According to economist Go, the current NFT digital art collection is far from being called a social good, but rather a collection of art that the fans want to hook up with. While NFT prices are currently highly volatile, the market will gradually return to rationality as NFT becomes more widely available in the future.

NFT圈里吸引了不少公众人物，而香港演员余文乐则是其中之一。有业内人士告诉雷峰网，余文乐已经通过NFT实现了上千万的收益。在他今年10月放出的纪录片《Inside Out》中，他也大方地秀出了自己的NFT藏品。然而在评论中，对他的指责声不少：

Some insiders have told Lei Fengnet that he has already earned millions of dollars through the NFT. In his documentary "Inside Out" released in October this year, he has shown his own NFT collection generously. However, in his comments, he has been criticized for:

“阿乐屯了很多，这纪录片说白了就是想割韭菜了。”

"Aloton is a lot, and this documentary is white, just to cut herbs."

消费者与其他吃瓜群众的不理解确实限制了NFT产业的进一步发展，在一方面确实值得担心。市场还需要被教育，这是有关NFT许多从业者的共识。然而吴桐却与其他人观点相左：

The lack of understanding between consumers and the rest of the population does limit the further development of the NFT industry, and on the one hand is a real concern. The market needs to be educated, which is the consensus of many NFT practitioners.

“挨骂就对了，”吴桐说，“当一个市场所有人都说好，它可能会面临一波大跌。而如果一个市场所有人都在骂，反而说明它可能很有空间。”

"It's right to be scolded," Go said, "When everyone in a market says yes, it may face a wave of collapse. And if everyone in a market is scolding, it suggests that it could be very spaced."

证明自己的价值，这可能是NFT目前最需要做的事情。而这个过程，吴桐认为不需要“急于求成”，只要能活下去，就是价值的体现：

Prove your worth, this is probably the most important thing NFT needs to do now. In this process, Go Quan does not think that there is a need to be “satisfied” and that survival is a sign of value:

“就像比特币刚刚面世时，人们也认为它是‘空气币’。而现在作为一项金融投资品，它的价格稳定性已经超过了其他的一些投资产品。这是个纯粹的‘信誉问题’。用户和消费者会‘用脚投票’，而不被市场接受的产品必然会被淘汰。只要能活下来，NFT的价值就必然会被证明。”

And now, as a financial investment, it's more price stability than some other investment product. It's a purely `credibility question'. Users and consumers will `vote with their feet', and products that are not accepted by the market will inevitably be eliminated. If they survive, the value of NFT will be proven.”

尽管在前文说到，NFT不过是一张“身份证”，但这一张“身份证”能为元宇宙做到的，实际太多太多。

Although, as stated earlier, NFT is only a “identity card”, this “identity card” can be done for the sake of the meta-cosmos, in fact, too much.

在权利确证的背后，实际上在背后代表的是元宇宙乃至整个互联网产业发展的“另一条路”，在格局和结构上对产业进行一次“脱胎换骨”。

Behind the evidence of rights, what is actually behind it is the “other way” of the development of the meta-cosm and indeed of the Internet industry as a whole, with a “decoupling” of the industry in shape and structure.

没有确权，就没有UGC。

Without authority, there is no UGC.

之前，雷峰网(公众号：雷峰网)在“元宇宙·十日谈”中已经对UGC模式进行过深入的讨论。对于游戏引擎开发商和元宇宙平台方来说，如何激励与赋能用户创作是他们思考的主要问题，也是影响了UGC模式规模的重要因素。

Previously, the UGC model had been discussed in depth by Lei Peaks Network

而对于一般创作者来说，创作内容的权利归属则是他们最关心的事项之一。权属不确定，创作者就没法获得创作带来的收益，这也让平台所有激励的措施失去了意义，UGC也就没有了生命力。

For creators in general, the right to create content is one of their most important concerns. The uncertainty of tenure prevents creators from reaping the benefits of creation, which makes all incentives of the platform meaningless, and the UGC has lost its vitality.

而在实际操作中，社交媒体平台上UGC内容的侵权仍然屡禁不止。在元宇宙中，这样的现象可以通过什么方法进行整治呢？

In practice, the violation of UGC content on social media platforms continues. In the metaspace, how can such phenomena be addressed?

NFT是一个很好的确权解决方案。

NFT is a good right solution.

将用户的创作内容“上链”对创作者权益保护有两个好处：

The “uplink” of the user's creative content has two advantages for the protection of the creator's interests:

一方面，通过NFT将用户创作内容的具体所有权确定了下来，创作者的维权追溯成本被大大降低；

On the one hand, the specific ownership of the content created by the user has been established through NFT and the retroactive costs of the creator's rights have been significantly reduced;

另一方面，通过将元宇宙内的交易对象独特化，侵权者的非法盈利行为也被收紧了，从另一个维度保护了创作者的合法权益。

On the other hand, by uniqueizing the objects of transactions within the meta-cosmos, the illicit profit-making behaviour of the infringer has also been tightened, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the creator from another dimension.

纵览历史，许多重要的社会变革都是从经济体系的变革开始的。元宇宙作为互联网转转型的重要时点，元宇宙内的经济系统对于产业下一阶段的格局也有巨大的影响力。

吴桐对雷峰网说，未来元宇宙仍然面临着一个重要的道路抉择：“大互联网”路线和“区块链”路线。这个抉择既决定了未来互联网产业的发展形态，又实际上影响了这个赛道本身的格局分布。

Go said to Le Peaknet that the future meta-cosmos still faces an important road choice: the Great Internet and the Block Chain. This choice determines the future shape of the Internet industry and actually affects the pattern distribution of the track itself.

“大互联网”路线就是按照现在的模式继续走下去，元宇宙的所有服务依然被掌握在互联网服务提供商的手中，元宇宙结构依然以“中心化”为特征。在这条道路下，互联网赛道仍然由头部的几家公司所垄断，用户虚拟财产的价值也完全由服务提供商决定。

The “big Internet” route continues according to the current pattern, with all the services of the meta-cosmos still in the hands of Internet service providers, and the meta-cosm structure still characterized by “centralization.” Under this path, Internet lanes are still monopolized by leading companies, and the value of the user’s virtual property is entirely determined by the service provider.

“其实用户一点权力都没有，这个游戏只是我们在玩，但是我们对他其实不能产生很强的影响。”

"The user has no power. The game is just a game we're playing, but we can't really have a strong influence on him."

而在“区块链”路线下，由于引入了区块链技术，如之前所述，用户对元宇宙平台的依赖程度更轻。而由于可以独立存在，虚拟资产的定价也由市场——消费者决定。

Under the “block chain” route, as a result of the introduction of block chain technology, users rely less on meta-cosmos platforms, as mentioned earlier. Because of their independence, virtual assets are priced by market-consumers.

在“区块链”路线下，NFT将成为元宇宙的主要组成方式。确权，或者说电子契约确定了在元宇宙中人与人的关系，而这些关系则不再被平台与服务商所定义，用户则能够成为元宇宙“生态的拥有者”。

Under the Block Chain route, NFT will be the main form of the metacosystem. The right, or e-contract, defines the relationship between people in the metacosystem, which is no longer defined by the platform and the service provider, and the user can become the “ecological owner” of the metacosystem.

吴桐也说到：“在‘区块链’道路上的元宇宙将可能采用‘社区治理’模式。用户们通过社区对游戏的运营和盈利进行管理，而平台方将逐渐淡出，话语权也会被逐渐稀释。”

Go also said, "The meta-cosm on the "block chain" road will probably follow the "community governance" model. Users manage the operation and profitability of the game through the community, the platform will fade and the voice will be diluted."

在“区块链”道路上，元宇宙也会推动工作方式向着更加网格化的方向变化。孙宇林表示，在未来的Web3.0时代当中，商业组织形式将以去中心化自律组织（DAO）的方式持续运作下去。在这种组织形式下，生产关系将以劳动者为单元，类似“项目制”地进入到不同的工作岗位上。孙宇林解释说：

In the “block chain” road, the Yuan cosmopolitans are also driving changes in the way they work in a more mesh way. Sun Woolin says that in the future Web3.0, business organization will continue to function in the form of decentralised self-regulating organizations (DAOs). In this form of organization, productive relationships will move to different jobs in the form of workers, similar to the project system. Sun Woolin explains:

“这种自治组织的模式比较像我们打零工，每个人可能都有自己的手艺，我们甚至可以在不同企业里担任不同角色，只要你有自己的一技之长就可以在这种分布式组织模式里面获得你的劳动报酬，这种组织形式在我看来是可以真正实现按劳分配的。”

“This model of self-governing organization is more like our part-time work, where each person may have his or her own craftsmanship, where we can even play different roles in different enterprises, and where you can get your wages in this distributed model of organization, which, in my view, can truly be distributed on the basis of hard labour.”

引入区块链后，用户通过UGC进行收益的模式也将产生改变。在Roblox中，创作者的收益方式是玩家使用游戏币为UGC内容付费，但实际的收入先进入了平台方的口袋，而满足了一定条件的创作者再获得由平台方兑换的现金，而平台方则会对每一笔体现的款项抽成。

When a block chain is introduced, the user’s profit pattern through the UGC will change. In Roblox, the creator’s gain is that the player pays for the UGC content in a game currency, but the actual income first goes into the pocket of the platform, while the creator, who meets certain conditions, gets cash converted from the platform, and the platform’s share is drawn from each amount represented.

而目前NFT的交易模式则与传统大为不同：创作者将NFT作品售出后即可从购买者处获得收益；而在购买者将NFT作品每一次转手卖出后，创作者都可以获得一笔一定比例的版税。这样一方面“干掉”了中间商，让创作者的收益更加可控；一方面又实现了创作者的长期收益，让NFT艺术创作能够长期支持创作者生活。

The current NFT trading pattern is quite different from the traditional one: the creator can profit from the buyer by selling NFT works; the buyer sells NFT works every time the buyer sells them, and the creator can get a percentage of the royalties. This, on the one hand, “kills” the broker, making the creator's earnings more manageable; and, on the other hand, achieves the creator's long-term benefits, allowing NFT artistic creation to support the creator's life in the long term.

如果走上了“区块链”的道路，元宇宙会成为新的“乌托邦”吗？

If we follow the path of the block chain, will the Woncos become the new utopian?

要注意，乌托邦与“敌托邦”（或称“反乌托邦”）只有一线之隔。对与元宇宙来说，这细细的一线就是公有链和联盟链的取舍。

Note that Utopia is only one line away from "enemy" or "anti-Utopia." For the meta-cosmos, this fine line is the trade-off between the public and the union chains.

目前在中国，被承认的区块链项目大多是以联盟链为主，而公有链则并未被广泛承认。这两者虽然都是分布式计算与存储，但前者是由几家具有某些资质的节点方组成，对于一般参与者来说有准入门槛；而后者则是面向全网所有参与方，不设任何门槛。

At present, most of the recognized block chain projects in China are dominated by a union chain, while the public chain is not widely recognized. While both are distributed calculations and storages, the former are composed of nodes with certain qualifications and have access thresholds for participants in general, while the latter are directed to all participants on the entire network, without any threshold.

尽管对于参与方的遴选准入让联盟链的可信度与安全性更高，但对于产业而言也有产生“托拉斯”（同业公司形成的垄断组织）的风险。

While the selection of participants for access makes the chain of alliances more credible and secure, there is also a risk of “trusting” for industry.

如果“区块链”道路上的元宇宙仍然处于数个头部企业的控制之下，那么它本质上走的还是“大互联网”的老路。

If the metacosystem on the block chain road is still under the control of several head companies, it is essentially the old road of the Great Internet.

“采用什么样的区块链，具体还要参考不同国家和地区的监管政策来决定，”孙宇林如此说道，“但在这个问题上，公平、效率和安全三者将组成一个‘不可能三角’。具体如何取舍，还需要很长时间的讨论和探索。”

“What kind of block chain is to be used, taking into account, in particular, the regulatory policies of different countries and regions,” said Sun Woolin, “But on this issue, equity, efficiency and security will form a ‘no triangle’. It will take a long time to discuss and explore how to make a trade-off.”

提到监管，目前的区块链在中国确实处于相对“灰色”的区域。尤其在2021年5月国家“落锤”比特币，明文规定要“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为”后，链圈更是风声鹤唳。

With regard to regulation, the current block chain is indeed in relative “grey” areas in China. Especially since May 2021, when the state “sharped” bitcoin explicitly stated that it would “combate bitcoin mining and trading.”

据一位业内人士说，现在已经不敢叫“去中心化”，只敢叫“分布式”；也不敢说“NFT”，只能说“数字文创”。

According to one insider, “decentralization” is now too much to call it “distribution”; nor “NFT”, but only “digital writing”.

对于虚拟世界的经济问题，国家向来也是雷厉风行。为防范网络线上赌博，国家也有下发了不少相应的政策。

The economy of the virtual world has always been intense. In order to prevent online gambling, the country has adopted a number of policies.

监管，成为了元宇宙内NFT经济基建不得不考虑的关键因素。

Regulation has become a key factor in the economic infrastructure of NFT in the Woncosmos.

早在元宇宙概念刚刚进入人们视线时，就有人曾畅想毫无监管和制约、完全“自由”的虚拟世界。

As soon as the concept of the meta-cosmos had entered the horizon, there had been a vision of a virtual world that was completely “free” without regulation or constraint.

而即使元宇宙也并非法外之地，监管在虚拟世界同样不可或缺。

And even the meta-cosmos is not illegal, so is regulation in the virtual world.

“其实我们可以用物理学中‘熵’的概念来解释这个问题，”在谈到监管时，孙宇林对雷峰网说“如果说不受监管，大家各立山头，最后一定会朝着混乱的方向发展。所以必须要有一个‘熵减’的过程：监管介入制止行业无序发展。”

"In fact, we can explain this by using the concept of cynicism," said Sun Woolin to Lei Peaknet when it comes to regulation, "If it's not regulated, we're all going to have to move in the direction of chaos. So there has to be a process of hysteria: regulatory intervention to stop the disorder in the industry."

在前文提到过，“安全”、“效率”和“公平”三者将在元宇宙构建中产生激烈的博弈。而身处其中的各路企业和从业者都在小心地把握着监管的红线，如腾讯、阿里这样的大厂更是不敢越雷池一步，在外围以试水为主。

As mentioned earlier, “safety”, “efficiency” and “equity” will create a fierce game in the construction of the meta-cosmos. The companies and practitioners in the universe are careful to grasp the red lines of regulation, such as the arraignment, and the big factories like Ali are afraid to move beyond the pits, focusing on test water on the periphery.

一位链圈从业者对雷峰网说，目前来看国家对NFT的监管可能会不断收紧，这几乎成为了悬在整个行业头上的“达摩克里斯之剑”。国家要防范NFT造成的金融波动，甚至是金融危机。

One of the chain operators said to Le Peaksnet that, at present, national regulation of NFTs is likely to tighten, becoming almost the “Sword of Damocles” that hangs over the entire industry. The country needs to guard against financial volatility caused by NFTs, even financial crises.

吴桐说，NFT全球预估仅有3万亿的市场，起不了太大风浪。而真正的风险在于NFT翻车导致的美股动荡，牵一发而动全身。

Go said that the global NFT estimated a market of only $3 trillion, and that it could not do much. The real risk was that the US would be affected by the crash of the NFT.

同时，在区块链技术隐名、分布式的性质下，许多不法分子会利用区块链与NFT的特点从事赌博、诈骗、洗钱等非法活动。元宇宙显然也需要设置相应的防范与监管机制。

At the same time, because of the hidden and distributed nature of block chain technology, many outlaws use block chains and NFT features for illegal activities such as gambling, fraud, and money-laundering. The meta-cosm clearly also needs to have appropriate preventive and regulatory mechanisms in place.

欧科云链正在致力开发的区块链安防系列产品“链上天眼”或许能成为一种解决方案。通过痕迹追踪、交易对手分析、时间轴建立等功能，并将办案流程用工具箱和功能可视化的技术进行简化，“链上天眼”已经协助了30多个省市，并追回了上百亿的资产。

The chain of blocks being developed by the Ocowin chain could be a solution. Through trace tracking, counterpart analysis, time-axis creation, and the streamlining of case-handling processes with toolboxes and capability visualization techniques, the chain chain-based Skyeye has assisted more than 30 provinces and cities and has recovered hundreds of billions of dollars of assets.

孙宇林猜测，在未来，如果NFT没能被监管承认，成功地进入元宇宙，那么法币的进入也是另一种可能。

Sun Woolin speculates that, in the future, the entry of French currency is another possibility if NFT is not recognized by regulation and successfully enters the metaspace.

如果有什么能让NFT变成引发经济危机的罪魁祸首，炒作绝对难逃罪责。

If anything can turn NFT into the cause of the economic crisis, there will be no impunity.

前面也提到过，现在NFT市场持续火热，一定程度上靠的就是NFT诱人的价格。几天涨价数百倍，让圈里圈外都看到了以此致富的可能性。

As mentioned earlier, the NFT market continues to be hot now, depending in part on the price of the NFT. The price increases hundreds of times in a few days make it possible for the circle to see the potential for wealth.

这让人很难不想到数百年前荷兰的“郁金香泡沫”：郁金香价格被炒高数十倍，当“博傻式”的击鼓传雷结束，荷兰花了3年才从这次荒诞的经济崩溃中走出来。

It is hard not to think of the “Tulip Foam” of the Netherlands hundreds of years ago: Tulip prices were blown up dozens of times, and it took the Netherlands three years to come out of this absurd economic collapse when the “breathing” drums ended.

四川区块链协会的刘克林对雷峰网表示：“从资本逐利的这个角度来讲，NFT一定是会被炒作的，而且有很大的炒作空间。因为一些NFT作品的实际价值远远没有达到数千万的价格，这背后实际就是资本的游戏。”

Liu Kling of the Sichuan Block Chain Association said to Le Peaksnet: “From the point of view of the profit of capital, NFT must be fired, and there must be a lot of room for it. Because some NFT works are far from worth tens of millions of dollars in real terms, and that's actually the game of capital behind them.”

炒作是NFT的原罪，而刘克林也提出要看到炒作对市场积极的一面：“一个新生的商业事物，它需要有更多的人，或者这个圈外的人，能够看到、知道它。所以它需要有节制的‘炒作’，这是破圈、也是价值传递的过程。”

Fake is the original sin of NFT, and Luclin has offered to see a positive side to the market: "A new business that needs more people, or people outside this circle, to see and know about it. So it needs a measured `frying', which is a broken circle and a process of transmission of values."

2021年11月，由国家版权交易中心牵头，阿里、京东、腾讯等大厂共同参与，NFT首个行业自律公约发布。其中，“反炒作”就鲜明地被作为行业共识提出。

In November 2021, the National Copyright Centre took the lead, with the participation of major companies such as Ali, Kyundong, and Toyoto, and the first NFT industry self-regulation convention was published.

但人人都知道要抵制“炒作”，又都觉得自己在做的不是“炒作”。

But everyone knows to resist “false” and feels that what they are doing is not “fry”.

如何界定炒作，成了NFT行业目前亟待提出的重要标准。

How to define the fiction is an important criterion that the NFT industry is currently in need of.

孙宇林认为，要看到交易的本质：“你要看到市场参与者‘炒’的本质是什么。如果人们处于对文创、历史、艺术的热爱去进行交易，这就是一种健康的市场行为；而如果整个市场都只关心价格，反而对NFT背后所代表的价值漠不关心，这就是一种失败的价值传递，可以被定位成‘炒作’。”

According to Sun Woolin, to see the nature of the deal: "You have to see what the market players are in the nature of ‘circumstance’. If people are in love with writing, history, art to trade, that is a healthy market behavior, and if the whole market is concerned only with prices, it is indifferent to the value behind NFT, which is a failed value transfer that can be positioned as ‘crypty’."

针对炒作的问题，孙宇林说还是要让解决方案回到“区块链”上来。利用智能合约，区块链技术能让“人”的因素在市场中起到的作用越来越少，分布式地将NFT的价值锚定在一个合理范围，尽量减少人为操控价格的可行性。

In response to the speculation, Sun Woolin says that the solution should be returned to the “block chain.” Using smart contracts, block chain technology can make the “human” factor less and less useful in the market, with distributionally anchoring NFT values within a reasonable range and minimizing the feasibility of artificial price manipulation.

元宇宙需要一套能够独立运行的经济体系，这套体系需要具备以下几大特点：

The metacosystem requires an economic system capable of functioning independently, which requires the following characteristics:

1、良好的流通性——促进用户活跃度

1. Good mobility — promoting user activity

在元宇宙中，元宇宙内代币的流动性要能够支撑用户的频繁互动。这种流动性一方面要体现在“用户-平台”的关系上，在“用户-服务提供商（比如UGC开发者）”、“服务提供商-平台”、“用户-用户”上也要能够保持有效。

In metacosystems, the mobility of intergenerational coins supports the frequent interaction of users. This mobility, on the one hand, needs to be reflected in the “user-platform” relationship, as well as in the effectiveness of “user-service providers (e.g. UGC developers), “service providers-platforms” and “user-user”.

2、稳定的安全性——刺激UGC积极创作

2. Stable security - stimulating active UGC creation

一方面，安全性要体现在用户储值在元宇宙平台中的虚拟财产要更少受到盗号、诈骗等非法手段的侵害威胁；另一方面，安全性还要体现在对UGC开发者的权益保护上，降低抄袭、盗用的风险。

On the one hand, security needs to be reflected in the virtual property stored by users in the meta-cosmos platform less threatened by illegal means, such as theft, fraud, etc., and, on the other hand, in the protection of the rights and interests of UGC developers, reducing the risk of copying and misappropriation.

3、必须合法合规——降低元宇宙运营风险

3. Legal compliance — reducing the risks to the operation of the meta-cosmos

在畅想元宇宙的同时，也要看到国家对游戏内经济系统的监管红线，杜绝不法分子利用元宇宙从事赌博、洗钱等非法活动的可能。同时，也要规避元宇宙代币炒作的情况，这样也会滋生元宇宙非法活动滋生的风险。

While thinking about the meta-cosm, it is also important to see the red line of State regulation of the economic system in the game, so as to eliminate the possibility of illegal elements using the game to engage in illegal activities, such as gambling, money laundering, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid the hypercosm of coins, which also breeds the risk of illicit activity in the meta-cosm.

NFT恰好能够为元宇宙展现这样一种可能。

NFT just happens to be able to demonstrate such a possibility to the meta-cosmos.

NFT让虚拟财富的地位得以确认，让财富得以平等、高效地流通，也让虚拟世界中的创作得到了保护。加上NFT目前已有的“造富”属性，已经有许多人尝试在NFT游戏当中“掘金”。而如果将这个“金矿”移到元宇宙中，一波新的“掘金热潮”可能即将出现。

NFT gives recognition to the status of virtual wealth, allows wealth to flow equally and efficiently, and protects creation in the virtual world. Adding to the current NFT “richness” attributes, many people have tried to “develop gold” in the NFT game.

“早在十几年前，元宇宙的前身——‘Second Life’中就已经出现了第一个虚拟世界的百万富翁。而如果NFT可以进入元宇宙，那么用户通过元宇宙致富的机会将会越来越多。”一位业内人士这样对雷峰网说道。

“A decade ago, the first millionaires of the virtual world appeared in the predecessor of the Yuan cosmos – the “Second Life.” And if NFT had access to the Yuan cosmos, there would have been more and more opportunities for users to enrich themselves through the Metacosm.” This is what one industrialist said to Le Peaknet.

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