据人民网8月31日消息称。比特币等虚拟货币交易炒作再迎强监管。
According to the People's Network on 31 August, virtual currency transactions such as Bitcoin are being pursued and monitored.
“我们也再次提醒广大群众，比特币等虚拟货币不是法定货币，也没有实际的价值支撑，相关交易纯属投机炒作，要增强风险意识，自觉远离，保护好自己的‘钱袋子’。如果发现相关非法集资犯罪线索，要及时向有关部门举报。”人民银行金融消费权益保护局副局长尹优平日前在媒体吹风会上再次重申。
“We also remind the public once again that virtual currencies such as Bitcoin are not legal currency and have no real value to support, and that the transactions are purely speculative, risk-conscious, self-dissipating, and protecting their own ‘money bags’. If you find a clue about the crime of illegal fund-raising, you must report it to the relevant authorities in a timely manner.” The Deputy Director of the Financial Consumer Protection Bureau of the People’s Bank, Yoon Yoo, reiterated it in the press briefing before the day.
业内人士认为，人民银行重提比特币监管，再次表明了我国监管层对于比特币等虚拟货币及其交易的严监管态度。目前，虚拟货币发展仍处于无序状态，存在金融风险隐患。同时，虚拟货币具有去中心化、匿名性等特点，围绕虚拟货币依然存在多种违法犯罪行为，尤其是在洗钱、非法集资等领域，影响比较恶劣。
In their view, the People’s Bank’s re-regulation of tibitcoin has demonstrated once again the country’s strict regulatory attitude toward virtual currency, such as bitcoin, and its transactions. Virtual currency development is still in a state of disarray, with financial risks.
早在2013年12月人民银行等5部委发布的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》明确指出，比特币具有没有集中发行方、总量有限、使用不受地域限制和匿名性等4个主要特点。虽然比特币被称为“货币”，但由于其不是由货币当局发行，不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性，并不是真正意义的货币。从性质上看，比特币应当是一种特定的虚拟商品，不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。一直以来，对于比特币等虚拟货币交易相关行为，我国始终保持着严监管态度。“针对虚拟货币交易炒作活动的反弹势头，今年以来，人民银行会同有关部门从监测追踪境外交易所和境内交易商、封堵打击相关网站和App、切断支付渠道、加强政策宣传等方面开展了积极工作，虚拟货币交易炒作的热度明显下降。”尹优平表示。
As early as December 2013, the Circular on Protection against the Risk of Bitcoin, issued by five ministries, including the People’s Bank, made it clear that Bitcoin has four main features: lack of centralized issuers, limited volume, geographical restrictions and anonymity. Although Bitcoin is referred to as “currency,” it does not have monetary attributes, such as legal payability and mandatoryity. By its very nature, Bitcoin should be a specific virtual commodity, with no legal status equivalent to that of money, and cannot and should not be used as a currency in the market.
专家表示，今年以来比特币行情的暴涨暴跌加剧了金融市场动荡，或有诱发系统性金融风险的可能。公众应充分认识比特币等虚拟货币的本质和风险，经受住诱惑，保护好钱包，不参与任何形式的交易、炒作活动。
Experts suggest that the surge and collapse of Bitcoin since this year have increased financial market volatility or the potential for systemic financial risks. The public should be fully aware of the nature and risks of virtual currency, such as Bitcoin, to withstand temptations, to protect wallets, and not to engage in any kind of transaction or campaign.
利用虚拟货币洗钱模式
Use of virtual money-laundering models
虚拟货币由于存在匿名性、去中心化、追踪难、全球流通性、交易便捷性、交易模式的复杂性、交易之后的不可撤销性、持有方式的多样性、价值认定标准存在争议性等一些特点，因此具有较高的洗钱风险。
Virtual currencies pose a high risk of money-laundering owing to the characteristics of anonymity, decentralization, difficulty of tracing, global liquidity, ease of transaction, complexity of transaction patterns, non-revocability following transactions, diversity of holding patterns, and controversial criteria for value determination.
犯罪分子加以利用也让虚拟货币逐渐沦为洗钱工具，加上国家有关部门近年来不断加大打击网络犯罪的力度，“断卡行动”和“反洗钱法”等一系列组合拳的生效，传统洗钱渠道遭遇沉重打击，也让虚拟货币洗钱的现象加剧，执法机关与犯罪分子开始新一轮的深度博弈。
Criminal exploitation has also led to the gradual exploitation of virtual currency as a tool for money-laundering, coupled with the increasing efforts of national authorities in recent years to combat cybercrime, the entry into force of a series of fights, such as Operation Break Cards and the Anti-Money Laundering Act, the heavy blow to traditional money-laundering channels, the intensification of virtual money-laundering and the beginning of a new round of deep competition between law enforcement agencies and criminals.
虚拟货币洗钱的过程
The process of money-laundering in virtual currency
一般利用虚拟货币洗钱的过程大体上可分为三个阶段，在实际案件中，三个阶段有时能区分的很明显，有时发生重叠、交叉、集合，很难完全分开，也有一些只采用了部分阶段就完成洗钱行为。
The process of the general use of virtual currency money-laundering can be broadly divided into three phases, and in practical cases it is sometimes clear that the three phases can be distinguished, sometimes overlaps, overlaps, aggregations, difficulties of complete separation, and sometimes only partial phases are used to complete the money-laundering act.
第一阶段：放置。犯罪分子购买虚拟货币，将非法资金注入所要“清洗”的渠道中。实际案件中可能会结合其他手法混淆虚拟货币的来源。这个阶段其实在很多洗钱手法中都非常常见，只要是犯罪分子把赃款打入第三方平台/商户进行洗钱的这个过程都可以叫做放置。
Phase I: placement. Criminals buy virtual money and inject illicit funds into the channels they want to “clean up.” In practical cases, the source of virtual money may be confused with other methods. This phase is quite common in many money-laundering techniques, as long as it is a process in which criminals pour stolen money into third-party platforms/businesses for money-laundering.
第二阶段：培植阶段。洗钱者利用虚拟货币的匿名性进行多层次、复杂化的交易，从而掩饰犯罪所得的性质和来源。
Phase II: Growing stage. Money launderers use the anonymity of virtual currency to conduct multilayered and complex transactions, thus concealing the nature and origin of the proceeds of crime.
第三阶段：融合阶段。在不断转移和洗白非法所得后，犯罪分子持有的虚拟货币已基本不受限制并且相对安全，此时他们只需将所有被洗过的虚拟货币整合到某一地址上最后提现，这样就基本上完成洗钱操作了。
Phase III: Integration. After continuous transfer and laundering of illicit proceeds, the virtual currency held by criminals is largely unlimited and relatively secure, so that they simply need to consolidate all the laundered virtual currency into a single address for final collection, thus essentially completing the money-laundering operation.
新型虚拟货币洗钱的手法
A new form of virtual currency money laundering.
USDT跑分平台
USDT branching platform
传统跑分：指的是犯罪分子通过收购普通用户的第三方支付平台的二维码来进行频繁转账洗钱的过程。
Traditional running scores: refer to the frequent process of money-laundering by criminals through the acquisition of two-dimensional codes from third-party payment platforms for ordinary users.
USDT跑分：跑分参与者到USDT跑分平台购入USDT作为保证金，参与跑分抢单。跑分参与者提供购入USDT币的充值码给跑分平台，跑分平台汇聚各种充值额度的USDT充值码，整合成一个USDT充值码池，并以充值接口方式提供给赌博平台。赌客充值赌资需扫描USDT充值码进行充值，也就是使用人民币向跑分平台购入USDT，最终致使人民币流转至跑分平台。
USDT scores: Runners buy USDT as a security deposit at the USDT branch platform. Runners offer USDTs for purchase of USDT coins. Runners bring together USDTs for various charges, and integrate them into a USDT collection pool, which is provided to gambling platforms in the form of a replenishment interface.
两者区别：原来的人民币保证金替换成了一种稳定币，即泰达币USDT，原来的微信、支付宝等第三方收款码换成了交易所的USDT充值地址。
The difference between the two: the original renminbi bond was replaced by a stable currency, the Tidal currency USDT, and the original third-party collection codes, such as micro-letters, payment treasures, were replaced by the exchange's USDT replenishment address.
混币平台
Coin Platform
除跑分平台之外，还有一种犯罪分子经常用来洗钱的虚拟货币平台就是混币平台。
In addition to running a split platform, there is also a virtual money platform, often used by criminals to launder money, which is a monetized platform.
很多混币平台的官方都是打着增加交易隐私性的旗号，但是如果要提高自己的交易隐私性，就要多付一些手续费，很多人是不愿意的，所以这些平台实际上更多的还是成为了犯罪分子洗钱的媒介。
Many of the currency platforms are officially under the banner of increasing the privacy of transactions, but if they are to increase the privacy of their transactions, they have to pay extra fees and many are reluctant to do so, so they are in fact more likely to act as money-laundering agents for criminals.
犯罪分子使用混币平台的主要目的就是“洗币”，就是转赃款（币）给到平台，然后能从平台内获得“干净 ”的钱。混币的作用是切断犯罪分子的输入资金与他收到的输出资金之间的关联。
The main purpose of criminals’ use of a monetized platform is “money-laundering” – to transfer the stolen money to the platform and then get “clean” money from the platform. The monetized money is to cut the link between the money that the criminal enters and the money that he receives.
犯罪分子如果想把赃款转入到混币平台，就需要用到混币平台提供的混币服务，而这个混币服务是用来隐藏交易路径和隐藏参与者身份的服务，一般会收取高额的手续费，很受犯罪分子的喜爱。
If criminals want to transfer the stolen money to a monetized platform, they need to use the monetized service provided by the monetized platform, which is used to hide the route of the transaction and to conceal the identity of the participants and is generally charged a high fee, which is very popular with the criminals.
追查虚拟货币洗钱的方法
Methods of tracing money-laundering in virtual currencies
为了有效解决由虚拟货币匿名性带来的无法追踪资产流向的问题，知帆科技安全团队自主研发了一个服务于公安机关的虚拟货币侦查服务平台——「逐迹-虚拟货币追踪查证平台」。
In order to effectively address the problem posed by virtual currency anonymity, which makes it impossible to trace the flow of assets, the Flying Science and Technology Security Team has developed, on its own initiative, a virtual money detection service platform for public security authorities, the "Travel-Virtual Money Tracking and Identification Platform".
北京知帆科技有限公司成立于2017年，是国内最早专注于区块链大数据分析的安全公司之一，也是最早提供虚拟货币追踪服务的专业公司，利用核心技术能力对区块链数据进行分析挖掘，帮助公安等监管机构解决涉虚拟货币相关案件查证难题，知帆科技已与全国数百家公安机关建立合作、多次为警方提供技术支撑服务。
Established in 2017 as one of the first security companies in the country to focus on the analysis of large data on block chains, and as the first professional to provide virtual money tracking services, China has used its core technical capabilities to analyse and excavate block chain data, to help regulatory bodies such as public security to resolve problems in identifying cases related to virtual currency, and it has established cooperation with hundreds of public security organs throughout the country and has provided technical support services to the police on several occasions.
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