日前，有媒体报道：厦门一男子在海边散步时拾得一块拳头大小味道腥臭的东西，经专家鉴定这竟是一块罕见的大宝贝——著名香料龙涎香。龙涎香是什么东西?龙涎香闻起来很香吗?龙涎香到底是香料还是药材，如何分辨它?
A few days ago, the press reported that a man at Xiamen picked up a stench of the size of his fists on the beach, which was identified by experts as a rare big baby & mdash; & mdash; famous spice dragon smelt. What is dragon salivation? Does dragon salivation smell good? How can it be distinguished if it is spice or medicine?
龙涎香是什么东西?
What's a dragon fragrance?
成都中医药大学药学院中药资源与鉴定系教授王光志回答道：龙涎香是海洋中鲸类肠道的分泌物，其中以抹香鲸的分泌物为多见。
Professor Wang Guangzheng, Department of Drug Resources and Identification, Faculty of Medicine, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, replied that dragon salami is a secretion of the cetaceans'intestinal tract in the ocean, most often with sperm whales.
“因极为难得，自古以来它就是名贵中药，也是高级香料。”他说，《本草纲目》中就有龙涎香可以“活血、益精髓、助阳道、通利血脉”的记载。传统中医认为，龙涎香具有行气活血、散结止痛、利水通淋的功效，常用于神昏气闷、心腹诸痛、咳嗽气喘等症的治疗。
& & ldquo; it has been a very rare drug since ancient times, and it is also an advanced spice. & & rdquo; he said that in this herb programme, there is a record of & & ldquao; live blood, pulmonary arteries, sunways, tungly blood & rdquo. The traditional Chinese doctor believes that hysteria has the effect of moving blood, dispersing pains, hydrazophagus, and is often used for the treatment of dementia, heartaches, coughing, etc.
龙涎香的哪些成分让它如此“神奇”?王光志说，现代化学分析证明，龙涎香主要含龙涎香醇(约25%)，龙涎香醛等化合物，还含粪甾醇，表粪甾醇，胆甾醇等甾醇类化合物;此外还有钙、镁、磷、铜、镓、锌、铝、锰、锶等金属元素。“现代药理研究证实，其药理作用与麝香相似，小量对动物中枢神经系统有兴奋作用，大量则表现抑制。”他说，因其不易获取，使用价值大，它的价格素来昂贵，差不多与黄金相当。
What are the ingredients of the acne that make it so & & ldquo; wonder & rdquo;? Wang Guangshi says that modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that the pharmacological effects of the acne are similar to that of musk and that the small amount of it is excite to the central nervous system of the animal and that it displays a lot of inhibition. & & rdquo; he says that because it is not easily available, it is expensive to use, and its price is almost equivalent to gold.
龙涎香闻起来很香吗?
Does it smell good?
自古以来，龙涎香就作为高级的香料使用，大致分成四个品级：极/上/中/下。依据是熟化年份、产区、出香方式等。注意，四个品类，有四种香味，区别非常大。
Since antiquity, the fragrance of dragons has been used as high-level spices, roughly in four grades: polar/top/medium/down. It is based on the years of clinking, the areas of production, the way the fragrances are made, etc. Note that there are four groups of fragrances and the differences are very large.
下品龙涎香闻起来一般是可怕的腐臭味，不香;也有一些几乎“无味”，难以辨识香味。中品闻起来是很轻微的土质甜香和海水咸味。上品龙涎香是略带甜美的琥珀香和芳润的木质香。极品龙涎香则千变万化，最常见的是浓郁强烈的琥珀甜香、芳润木香、果香、“百花盛开”之香，众香交融。东西方文献里赞美的“天国之香”“日月同辉之香”“天庭不老之香”，其实都指的是“极品龙涎香”。
The salivation of dragons is generally a terrible smell of deodoration, not fragrant; there are some almost “ odorless & rdquo; and it is difficult to recognize fragrance. The fragrances of the ground are mildly sweet and salty. The fragrances of dragons are slightly sweet amber and fragrance of wood. The fragrances of the sun and the moon are highly variable, the most common are the fragrances of amber, fragrances of fragrance, fragrances, & & odquo; the fragrances of flowers & & rdquao; the fragrances of the fragrances; the fragrance of the dragons & rdquo; the flavour of the eastern literature.
因为龙涎香本就稀少，极品更是难求，在古代也只有顶层统治者可以享受，士人富豪都未必能至。今天，全世界香水业里99.9%都不用天然龙涎香，如果用了，一般是中品或下品(提取复合)，加入它的原因是，龙涎香可以令整个香气的精致程度、持香度大幅提升。做法是把生龙涎香浸入酒精，制成3%含量的酊剂，然后按0.5-1%的比例添加在香水原液里，这时龙涎香本身的香味基本已无法辨识。
Because of the scarcity of truffles, the extremes are hard to find, and in ancient times only the top rulers can enjoy, not necessarily the wealthy. Today, 99.9% of the world's perfume industry does not use natural truffles, which, if used, are usually Chinese or lower (combined), because the fragrance of dragons can cause the whole scent to increase dramatically. The practice is to immerse it into alcohol, producing a 3% content of salivants, and then add it to the fragrance at 0.5 to 1%, when the fragrance itself is almost unrecognizable.
如何识别龙涎香?
How to identify the fragrant dragons?
王光志表示，目前认为龙涎香有的系抹香鲸吐出来的肠道分泌的凝结物，有的系肠道排出体外的分泌物。根据其上述来源可以了解到，刚排出的龙涎香有腥臭味、为浅黑色;在海水的作用下，随着时间变化，会渐渐地变为灰色、浅灰色，最后成为白色。他说，因其来源和形成过程比较复杂，也不常见，“个人认为，要识别龙涎香，必须具备相关的生物学、生态学和化学知识，特别是熟悉海洋生物与海洋生态的专业从业者，才能进行准确鉴定。”
On the basis of the above sources, it can be seen that freshly excavated venoms of intestinal secretion are smelly, black, and, over time, gray, gray, light and, finally, white. He said that because of their complex origin and formation, & & ldquo; and because individuals believe that the identification of intestinal salivation requires relevant biological, ecological and chemical knowledge, especially professional practitioners who are familiar with marine life and ocean ecology, accurate identification is necessary. & & & rdquao;
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