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- 区块链定义及原理
- 区块链在金融领域的应用场景
- 区块链的监管建议
- 区块链在金鹰系统的应用情况
区块链定义
block chain definition
区块链是一个分布式数据库，用于记录每一个区块中所有交易的信息。区块链数据库以链的形式存储，并使用密码学方法加密。其可以被看作是一个公开的、不可篡改的数据库。这意味着，任何人都可以在区块链上存储信息，而且这些信息是不可篡改的。
The block chain is a distributed database that records all transactions in each block. The block chain database is stored in a chain form and encrypted using cryptography. It can be seen as an open, non-manufactured database. This means that anyone can store information on the block chain and that information is not tampered with.
区块链原理
Principles for Block Chains
区块是区块链的基本组成部分，每一个区块就是一个数据块。区块上除了交易信息，还包含了这个区块本身的一些特征信息，其中最重要的便是哈希值。不同的数据算出来的哈希值是不同的，其所具有的不可伪造性起到了“指纹”的作用。一个区块中，包含了上一个区块的哈希值和本区块的哈希值，由此所有的区块就能够依次连成一条链。
Blocks are an essential part of the chain of blocks, and each block is a data block. In addition to the transaction information, they contain some of the characteristics of the block itself, the most important of which is the Hashi value. Different data calculates the Hashi value, and its immutable nature acts as a “print”. One block contains the Hashi value of the previous block and the Hashi value of the present block, so that all blocks can be linked into a chain.
由于区块链本身的机制，计算一个区块的哈希值极其困难，这让修改多个区块的哈希值无法实现。因此，篡改区块链中的交易信息就成为几乎不可能的事情，这就保证了区块链的可靠性。
Because of the mechanism of the block chain itself, it is extremely difficult to calculate the Hashi value of a block, which makes it impossible to modify the Hashi value of multiple blocks. As a result, tampering with the transactional information in the block chain becomes almost impossible, thus ensuring the reliability of the block chain.
向区块链写入信息的方式为“采矿”，即计算出一个潜在区块的哈希值，使这个区块正式加入整个区块链的过程。一个区块加入区块链后，其中包含的交易信息才能成为事实。同时为了避免出现分叉情况，区块链协议规定：一个分叉上的新增区块达到六个时，这些区块上的交易信息才会被认可。
When a block is added to the block chain, the transaction information it contains becomes a fact. At the same time, in order to avoid a fork, the block chain agreement provides that the transaction information on a new block on a fork is accepted only if it reaches six.
写入完成后，矿工节点会向全网广播交易记录。网络中其他节点收到广播后会在本地记录下交易记录，这样就实现了一次全网的数据同步，同时也完成了交易的确认。
Once this is done, the miners’ nodes broadcast the records of the transactions to the entire network.
区块链与金融
区块链具有的信息透明、不可篡改的特点，在金融领域得到深入应用。各类金融资产如股权、债券、基金等都可以被融入区块链中，以“数字资产”的形式在区块链上进行存储和交易。跨境支付、数字货币、数字票据、支付清算、征信管理、证券交易和保险管理等方面也能从区块链技术中获益。
All types of financial assets, such as equity, bonds, funds, etc., can be integrated into the block chain and stored and traded on the block chain in the form of “digital assets.” Cross-border payments, digital money, digital paper, settlement of payments, letter management, securities trading, and insurance management can also benefit from block chain technology.
例如，传统的证券交易需要由证券公司、银行、中央结算机构以及交易所多方协同工作才能共同完成，导致效率低、成本高，容错率也很低，一个环节出现漏洞就会造成巨大的问题和损失。然而，在区块链技术应用在证券交易中后，各参与方便可独立地完成整个结算流程。
For example, traditional securities transactions require a combination of multiple efforts by securities companies, banks, central clearing houses, and exchanges, resulting in inefficiencies, high costs, low tolerance for errors, and significant problems and losses associated with a gap in one link. However, when block chain technology is applied to securities transactions, participants can independently complete the entire settlement process.
再比如，跨境支付是金融领域的重要组成部分，但效率低、速度慢。然而，在区块链点对点的技术应用到跨境支付领域后，汇款通道变得透明，交易历史数据可追溯，让收款方、汇款方都安心，也大大提高了效率和速度。
For example, cross-border payments are an important part of the financial sector, but they are inefficient and slow. However, with the application of point-to-point technology to the area of cross-border payments, remittance channels become transparent, historical data on transactions can be traced and recipients and senders can be reassured, and efficiency and speed can be greatly improved.
区块链监管
区块链发展到今天，其本身还存在诸多安全风险和缺陷，在金融风险、网络安全、舆情传播等方面亟待监管。区块链技术可以按照其数据写入的权限分为公有链、联盟链和私有链。其中公有链由于对参与者没有太多限制，成为监管最薄弱的环节。
Block-chain technologies can be divided into public, union, and private chains in accordance with the terms of their data writing. Public-chains are the weakest link in regulation, given that there are few restrictions on participants.
虽然监管对其有着制约或者负面影响，但监管并非对区块链都是利空，区块链未来如果要朝着健康的轨道大规模发展，那么适当的监管机制将是必不可少的组成部分。从这个角度看，区块链不能存在监管恐慌，而是要理性看待监管的积极作用。对于区块链的监管也会根据区块链的进展而不断调整，适应不同阶段的要求。在区块链尚未成熟之前，监管应着力服务于区块链的健康发展和风险以及可能存在的风险加以防范和预见。
While regulation has constraints or negative effects on it, regulation is not a trade-off for the chain of blocks, and appropriate regulatory mechanisms will be essential if the chain is to develop on a large scale towards a healthy track in the future. From this perspective, the chain of blocks cannot have regulatory panic, but needs to be viewed rationally as a positive function of regulation.
区块链和数字货币的发展和风险防范需要全球性的监管协调，这对于区块链和数字货币的发展和风险防范营造了稳定的环境，避免了可能发生的各种危机。从这一点来看，针对区块链的监管是相当重要且必须的。
The development and risk prevention of block chains and digital currencies requires global regulatory coordination, which creates a stable environment for the development and risk prevention of block chains and digital currencies, avoiding potential crises. From this point of view, regulation of block chains is important and necessary.
目前防控中心金鹰系统中的区块链后台管理系统根据模型对区块链数据进行分析，并从以太坊、比特币交易、非法洗钱、非法钓鱼等多个方面出发，对数据分析结果进行展示，实现对于区块链的监管。
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