智能比特
Smart Bits
你投资的不仅仅是数字货币，而是整个区块链时代
You're investing not just in digital money, but in the whole block chain age.
区块链极简史之
比特币三大特性的技术来源——不可篡改 开始这一讲之前，来放上V神总结的比特币和区块链技术来源图复习一下 Let's start with a review of the technical sources of bitcoin and block chains summarized by V God. 我们上一讲说了去中心化和不可伪造这两个特点的技术来源。 We have spoken before of the sources of technology that are both centralized and non-false. 去中心化是由非对称加密技术和分布式存储实现的
不可伪造是由比特币的UTXO结构保证的
is guaranteed by the UTXO structure of Bitcoin
OK，Let's begin~~
不可篡改
cannot be tampered with
比特币的区块链账本具有不可篡改这个特点，这一点是用工作量证明机制和最长链机制来保障的。首先，篡改是指网络中为了弄虚作假而对账本进行恶意修改。
Bitcoin's block chain books have the characteristics of that cannot be tampered with and the
前面我们讲到比特币使用的共识机制是 “工作量证明（PoW）”，简单理解就是用一份证明，来确认你做过一定量的工作。
As we mentioned earlier, the consensus mechanism used by Bitcoin is “PoW
比如现实生活中的毕业证、驾驶证等，也是通过检验你完成了一定量的知识学习或者驾驶过一定时间的汽车，来证明你拥有此项技能的。也就是说通过这个结果证明你曾经耗费时间和精力，即工作量来做过这件事。
Real-life diplomas, driving permits, etc., also prove that you have that skill by testing you for a certain amount of intellectual learning or driving a car over a certain period of time. That is to say, you have done it with time and effort, that is, workload .
工作量证明，对于执行方来说，难度是适中的。对于验证方来说是非常容易高效的。因为监测工作的整个过程通常效率非常低，而对工作结果进行认证来证明完成了一定的工作量，是一种非常高效的方式。
Workloads prove that
在比特币网络中，矿工们进行哈希竞赛，最先解答数学难题的矿工，就会获得记账权，其他节点经过非常简单的验证之后，就可以同意其记账，并同步账本，打上时间戳后，所有矿工们紧接着进行下一轮哈希竞赛。
In the Bitcoin network, miners compete for Hashi, and the first miners to solve math problems get rights to bookkeeping. Other nodes, after very simple validation, can agree to bookkeeping and synchronize the books, and after the time stamp, all miners follow immediately to the next Hashi race.
假如这时有个矿工动了歪念头，想要篡改某个区块高度上的交易信息（假如是区块甲），要怎么做呢？
What do you do if a miner gets the idea of tampering with trading information at the height of a block (if it's block A)?
V神我强烈建议不要动这种歪念头，成本实在太高太高了，得不偿失啊！为啥？
God V, I strongly advise you not to touch this idea. It's too expensive, it's too expensive, it's too much to lose. Why?
因为TA想要篡改的话，需要在很短的时间内，从区块甲开始把之后所有的区块都重新计算一遍，再把账本同步给其他人，赶上现有区块的高度，让自己的篡改链成为最长的链，让其他矿工误以为这是正确的账本。而在TA进行计算的同时，其他矿工们已经在原链上继续往前进行记账了。在比特币的网络里，大家认为最长的链才是正确的链。
Because TA would have to recalculate all the blocks since then in a very short period of time, starting with block nails, synchronizing the books to others, catching up with the height of the existing blocks, allowing its own tampering chain to become the longest chain, and allowing other miners to misconstrue it as the correct account book. And while TA calculates, other miners have moved forward on the original chain. , in Bitcoin's network, it is thought that the longest chain is the right one.
想要恶意篡改的人，除非拥有至少超过50%的算力，否则基本上没有可能进行这样的篡改。
Those who wish to tamper with it maliciously have little or no possibility of doing so unless they have at least 50 per cent of their arithmetic power.
我们再从经济学的角度来分析一下为什么恶意篡改（即拥有51%算力）实现会很困难。
Let's go back to the economics of and analyse why maligning (i.e., with 51% of arithmetic) would be difficult to achieve.
首先，我们用成本效益分析，计算一下拥有51%算力的矿机设备成本。
First, we use a cost-benefit analysis to calculate the cost of mine equipment with a 51 per cent capacity .
目前全网算力是8 E 哈希每秒（即每秒进行8*10^18次计算），现在主流矿机每台算力大概是10T左右。如果要拥有全网51%算力，至少需要40万台最新的矿机，一台矿机价格按照10000元计算，仅矿机设备投入就需要至少40亿元人民币。
The full net is now 8 E-Hashi per second (i.e. 8*10~18 calculations per second), and now the mainstream mine is about 10 Ts per machine. To have 51% of the full net, at least 400,000 of the latest mine machines are needed, and the price of one miner is $10,000, with at least RMB 4 billion needed to put the unit into service.
况且，最新矿机的生产赶不上销量，经常供不应求。随着老矿机不断被淘汰，算力不断上涨。更新设备的速度很难赶上算力上涨的速度。
Moreover, the production of the latest mine machines has not kept up to date and is often in short supply. As the old miners are being phased out, their ability to calculate increases.
从投资回报率的角度来说，这项投资的成本需要至少40个亿人民币，如果不是为了至少60、70亿以上的利润，并且有非常雄厚的经济实力和技术实力做支持，一般人是不会有这个动力进行算力攻击的。
From the point of view of the return on investment, the cost of this investment would be at least 4 billion yuan. If it was not supported by at least 6 billion or more profits and by very strong economic and technological strength, it would not have been possible for the average person to make arithmetic attacks.
矿机
Miner
接着，我们从大环境是否允许来分析。
We then analyse whether or not the
曾经在网络上出现有一个矿池的算力接近50%，后来大家就逐渐把自己的算力连接到其他矿池上。因为当这个攻击发生了，比特币的区块链得到了篡改，比特币网络将失去大家的信任，比特币的价格将会变得一文不值。篡改者通过这个篡改获得的利益也会受到很大的损失。
Once on the network, there was a pond that was close to 50% of the calculus, and then people gradually linked their arithmetic to other ponds. Because when the attack took place, Bitcoin’s block chain was tampered with, Bitcoin’s network would lose trust, and Bitcoin’s price would be worthless.
所以由于去中心化的存在，整个网络大环境非常警惕比特币51%算力情况的出现。
As a result of decentralisation, the entire network environment is very alert to the 51 per cent numeracy of Bitcoin.
所以V神我说，别轻易动篡改的念头喔~~各位矿工胖友们
So, V God, I said, "Don't change your mind so easily."
最后，我们再一次放上比特币和区块链技术来源图来加深记忆。来给V神我点赞吧
And finally, we're putting up a map of bitcoin and block chain technology to deepen our memory. Let's give it to God V.
简单点，说话的方式简单点...
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