中新网消息，新年伊始，除了直播答题，最火的就是区块链了。区块链概念股如过山车般的股价，上交所、深交所的公告，各大公司的澄清……区块链真的很忙。尽管很多人被区块链刷屏，但很少人能真正说清区块链到底是什么。
At the beginning of the new year, in addition to answering the questions live, the hottest thing is the block chain. The block chain concept shares like a roller coaster, the announcement to hand over, and in close contact, the major companies clarified that the block chain was really busy. Although many people were brushed by the block chain, few could really tell what the chain was.
区块链就是比特币吗？
Is the block chain bitcoin?
区块链被公众所知是从比特币和去年被监管叫停的ICO开始的。作为比特币及各类“代币”的底层技术，很多人误以为区块链就是比特币，其实这种理解是错误的。业内专家表示，应明确区分比特币等虚拟货币与区块链技术，关停虚拟货币交易所、禁止比特币平台交易与当前大力发展区块链并不冲突。
As a bottom-of-the-line technology for bitcoin and various “deponents,” many people mistakenly believe that block chains are bitcoins. Industry experts have argued that a clear distinction should be made between virtual currency, such as bitcoin, and block chain technology, and that the closure of the virtual currency exchange and the ban on Bitco platform transactions do not conflict with the current dynamic development of block chains.
中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员董希淼表示，要将取缔ICO与比特币区分开来，将整治比特币与区块链技术区分开来。我国监管部门的治理措施，并非为了打压区块链技术，而是要遏制各种非法交易，维护金融秩序，保护公众利益。
China’s People’s University’s Quanyang Institute of Finance, Senior Researcher Dong Shijun, said that it was necessary to distinguish between banning ICO and Bitcoin, and the technology to fix the bitcoin from the block chain. The governance measures of China’s regulatory sector are not aimed at crushing block chain technology, but at curbing illegal transactions, maintaining the financial order, and protecting the public interest.
△资料图：去年6月份，勒索病毒再袭欧洲，一些政府员工被要求以比特币的方式支付赎金。
Chart: Last June, the blackmail virus hit Europe again and some government employees were asked to pay ransom in Bitcoin.
区块链本质是数据库技术？
The essence of the block chain is database technology?
弄清楚这些概念后，我们再来看看什么是区块链。腾讯金融科技智库首席研究员王钧告诉中新网，区块链本质是一种数据库技术，具体来讲是一种账本技术。账本是记录一个或多个账户资产变动、交易情况的记录集，其实是一种结构最为简单的数据库，我们平常在小本本上记的流水账、银行发过来的对账单，都是典型的账本。
When we figure out these concepts, let's see what a block chain is. Wang Jun, the chief researcher of the Financial Science and Technology think tank, tells China and Newnet that the block chain is essentially a database technology, specifically an accountbook technology. The ledger is a record collection that records the movements of assets and transactions of one or more accounts.
蚂蚁金服区块链高级产品专家胡丹青说，区块链是多方参与的分布式账本，被称为“为解决信任问题而生”的技术。数字世界和物理世界的本质区别，在于物理世界的东西真实存在，无法凭空产生或消失。但数字世界的数据可凭空删掉、改掉或复制，且了无痕迹。但有了区块链技术，数字世界就可像物理世界一样真实可信。
Hu Thanqing, a senior product expert in the ants gold-suit chain, said that the block chain was a multi-participating distributed book known as the "bringing out of trust" technique. The essential difference between the digital world and the physical world was that things in the physical world were real, could not be created or disappeared. But the data in the digital world could be deleted, altered or copied without trace. But with the technology in the chain, the digital world could be as real as in the physical world.
区块链的安全性如何？
How secure is the block chain?
那么炙手可热的区块链技术，有何区别于传统数据库的特点呢？
What is the difference between the hot-hot block chain technology and the characteristics of the traditional database?
王钧向记者解释道，首先，区块链是一种分布式数据库技术。分布式技术主要指的是存储架构。区块链采取的分布式架构不仅将账本数据存储在每个结点上，而且每个结点都必须包含整个账本的数据。这种彻底的分布式架构带来的是极高的安全性，没有人可以同时摧毁所有的结点。
Wang Jing explained to journalists that, first of all, the block chain is a distributed database technology. Distribution technology refers mainly to storage structures. The block chain takes a distributed structure that not only stores the account data on each node, but each node must contain the whole account data.
其次，区块链技术可通过“区块”和“链”实现防篡改。区块链存储数据的单元是区块，每个区块生成时，都必须包含上一区块的唯一“特征值”(可看成是区块的身份证)，每个区块严格按生成时间的顺序排好队，形成一条“链”。
Second, block chain technology can be tampered with through blocks and chains. The unit in which the data are stored in the block chain is a block, and each block must, at the time it is generated, contain the only “characterized value” of the previous block (seen as an identification of the block) and each block should be queued in a strict order of time of generation, forming a “chain”.
△资料图：第二届中国区块链技术创新应用大赛颁奖现场。 刘鹏 摄
Image by Liu Ping at the Awards site of the Second China Block Chain Technological Innovations Competition.
区块链如何防账本被篡改？
How can the 如果有人改变了某一区块的内容，那么该区块唯一的特征值也随之改变，后面的区块立马就不认它了，这个“假”的区块只有乖乖的脱链。 If someone changes the content of a block, the only characteristic value of the block will change, and the back block will not recognize it immediately. The “false” block will only be decoupled. 王钧补充说，大部分数据库都是中心化的，如我们将钱存入银行，就得信任银行可如实的记录我们的交易，不会多记或少记。但区块链是“去中心化”的，它没有一个中心化的管理组织，只会预设一个公开、透明的共识算法，任何交易如果满足这个共识算法，就可写入账本。定好一个大家都能看见和理解的规则，按规则行事即可。 Wang Jun added that most of the databases are centralized, and if we put money in the bank, we need to trust the bank to record our transactions properly, without over-recording or under-recording. But the block chain is “de-centralized,” and it does not have a centralized management organization that presupposes an open and transparent consensus algorithm. 王钧强调，安全是区块链技术的一大特点。但从隐私保护的角度讲，区块链强调的是公开、透明，任何结点都有权利按共识算法进行操作，因此并不适合需要保护数据隐私的场景。 Wang Chang stressed that security is a feature of block chain technology. But, from the point of view of privacy protection, the block chain emphasizes openness and transparency, and any node has the right to operate according to consensus algorithms, and is therefore not suitable for scenarios where data privacy needs to be protected. 区块链可用于哪些领域？ What areas can the 中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰此前在接受媒体采访时表示，区块链技术可以运用到很多领域、场景，包括一些社会管理领域场景，需要进一步拓宽研究和发展区块链技术的视野。 The Director of the Financial Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, Sun Kuo Feng, in an earlier interview with the media, stated that block chain technology could be applied in a number of areas and scenarios, including in some areas of social management, and that the vision of research and development block chain technology needed to be further broadened. 记者注意到，目前已有企业将区块链技术应用到公益中，以促进公益更加开放透明，保证用户捐的每一笔钱都是透明、可追溯、不可篡改的；同时还将区块链用在商品正品溯源，帮助租房平台实现真实房源、真实住户的互信上。 Journalists note that there are enterprises that have applied block chain technology to the public good in order to promote greater openness and transparency in the public good, ensuring that every sum donated by a user is transparent, retroactive and non-distortable, and that the chain of blocks is used in the back-to-back of merchandise to help rent platforms to achieve real home ownership and real household trust. △资料图：重庆市区块链产业创新基地揭牌。 刘贤 摄 Image by Liu Xian (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) 也有企业推出共享账本，解决信息共享的场景诉求，比如公益寻人，把走失儿童的报案信息在联盟中的多个公益平台间进行信息共享与同步。 Businesses have also introduced shared books to address scenarios for information-sharing, such as public-interest searchers, and to synchronize information-sharing and reporting on lost children with multiple public-interest platforms in the Alliance. “用区块链解决信任问题在现代商业社会已有巨大的价值。”王钧表示，判断一个领域适不适用区块链技术，可问四个问题：一为对数据安全性要求高吗？二为是否不存在一个参与各方都充分信任的组织？三为是否对数据处理效率的要求不高？四为是否对数据隐私要求不高？若上述问题的答案都是肯定的，那么该场景是适合区块链的场景。 “The use of block chains to resolve trust issues is of great value in modern commercial societies.” Wang Jing said that four questions could be asked: is there a high demand for data security in an area that is not suitable for block chain technology, and whether there is no organization that is fully trusted by all parties involved? Is there a low demand for data-processing efficiency? Fourth, is there a low demand for data privacy? If the answer to these questions is yes, the scenario is appropriate for the block chain. 如何理性看待区块链热潮？ How does strong rationally look at the tidal wave of blocks? 而面对区块链热潮，胡丹青表示，区块链的虚热不是热在拿技术解决信任问题，而是热在集资圈钱、炒作估值。绝大部分所谓的ICO都是集资工具创新，跟技术创新无关。 In the face of the tidal wave of block chains, Hutting says that the knitting of block chains is not about the technology to solve trust problems, but about the money that is being raised in the capital circle and the value that is being valued. Most of the so-called ICOs are about the innovation of fund-raising tools, not about the innovation of technology. “判断是技术创新还是集资创新的依据其实很清楚：是否以信任为始，是否通过解决信任问题创造了实际价值。没有价值源泉的基础，再高市值的币都是空中楼阁，倾倒是早晚的事。”胡丹青说。 “The basis for judging whether it is technological or financing innovation is really clear: whether trust starts with trust or whether it creates real value by resolving trust problems. There is no source of value, and the higher market value of the currency is in the air, and dumping is sooner or later.” Hutting says. 原标题：近期频繁刷屏的区块链到底是啥？有何独特之处？ Original title: What is the chain of blocks that have been used frequently in recent times? What is unique?
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