记者 李华林
Reporter, Lee Waring.
继内蒙古率先响应国务院金融稳定发展委员会提出的“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为”后，近日，青海、新疆、云南、四川等多地出台相关政策对虚拟货币“挖矿”进行整顿清理。虚拟货币“挖矿”市场迎来史上最严监管。
Following the leadership of Mongolia in responding to the & ldquo proposed by the State Council's Committee for the Development of Financial Stability; the fight against bitcoin mining and trading & & rdquao; and the recent introduction of policies on virtual currency & & ldquao; mining & rdquao; clean-up. Virtual currency & & ldquao; mining & rdquao; markets are the most heavily regulated in history.
强监管之下，有的交易平台宣布暂停中国境内服务，有的“矿场”搬迁到海外，有的“矿工”转移至“地下”。专家认为，多地关停“挖矿”，释放出动真格、严监管的明确信号，下一步更强监管措施或将很快出台，无论是机构还是个人，炒作虚拟货币将会面临更大风险。
Under strong supervision, some trading platforms have announced the suspension of services in China, some & & ldquo; mines & & rdquo; relocation abroad, some & & & & & & & rdquo; miners & & & & & & & & & & & & & Quo; experts believe that many stops & & & ldquo; mining & & rdquao; and that there are clear signals of real and well-regulated regulations, and that the next step will be stronger regulatory measures or soon to be put in place, whether institutional or personal, making virtual money would be at greater risk.
从源头进行打击
Strike from the source.
“‘挖矿’是虚拟货币交易的前置环节，国务院和地方把‘挖矿’作为监管重点是必要的，表达了从源头上打击虚拟货币交易的态度和决心。”招联金融首席研究员董希淼说。
& ldquo; &lsquao; mining & rsquao; a prelude to virtual currency transactions, where the State Department and the local authorities put &lsquao; mining & rsquao; as a necessary regulatory focus, an expression of attitude and determination to fight virtual currency transactions from the source. ” and Dong Xijun, Chief Researcher, IUPAC Finance.
“挖矿”的高能耗一直被环保人士所诟病。“挖矿”不仅耗时，还会消耗大量的电力。尤其是自去年以来，在比特币火爆行情带动下，“挖矿”收益节节攀升。为了不在算力竞争中落后，“矿工”们加大了大算力矿机的使用，导致电力消耗急剧上升。
& & & & & & & & rdquo; high energy consumption has been stung by environmentalists. & & & & & & & rdquo; not only time-consuming, but also large amounts of electricity. Especially since last year, & & & & & & & & & rdquo; and revenue-saving rises. To avoid falling behind in arithmetic competition, & & & ldquo; miners & & rdquo; and they have increased the use of high-calculators, leading to a sharp increase in electricity consumption.
剑桥大学比特币耗电量指数发布的数据显示，比特币“挖矿”每年消耗约133.68太瓦时用电量，这一数值超过2020年瑞典全国用电量。而剑桥大学新兴金融中心发布的另一项数据显示，在全球比特币算力分布中，我国以60%以上的算力占比位居首位。且这些“矿场”主要聚集在电力充足且电费相对便宜的地区，比如四川、内蒙古、云南、新疆等地。
Data from the Bitcoin consumption index at Cambridge University show that Bitcoin “ mine mining & rdquo; consumes about 13.68 watt-hours per year, which exceeds Swedish electricity consumption in 2020. Another data released by Cambridge University’s Emerging Financial Center shows that in the global distribution of Bitcoin numeric power, the country is ranked first at more than 60%. And these & & ldquo; mines & rdquo; and is concentrated mainly in areas with sufficient electricity and relatively low electricity costs, such as Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Xinjiang, etc.
“这与我国重大战略决策相违背。”董希淼表示，我国已宣布力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和，“挖矿”显然违背了这一目标任务。
& & ldquo; this is contrary to our major strategic decision-making. & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & ; ; & ; & T & & & & & & & & & ; is clearly contrary to this goal.
“值得注意的是，目前多个‘挖矿’企业以‘大数据项目’‘区块链项目’‘超算中心’等作幌子，骗取地方政府支持，对公共资源造成严重浪费。”董希淼表示，提出打击比特币“挖矿”和交易行为，既是出于防控金融风险的要求，也是践行绿色发展的实际行动。
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & quo; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & & ; & & & & ; & &, ; ; & & & &, ; & & & & &, & & & & & & &,,, & & & & & & & & &, & & & & &, & &,, &,, & & &, & & & &
多个“矿场”迁至海外
Multiple & ldquao; mine & rdquao; relocated overseas
专家认为，强监管下，整个“挖矿”生态将遭遇严重打击。“‘挖矿’企业盈利一般与虚拟货币价格、算力及难度等方面有关，国内明确打击比特币交易及‘挖矿’，可能导致比特币行业盈利下滑，进而向‘挖矿’产业链传导，矿机价格或出现暴跌，也不排除部分交易、‘挖矿’行为转移至境外。”光大银行金融市场部分析师周茂华说。
Experts believe that the whole of “ mining & rdquo; ecology will be hit hard. & & & & lsquo; mining & rsquo; business profits are generally related to virtual monetary prices, arithmetic and difficulty, and that the domestic fight against bitcoin and ‘ mining & rsquo; which may lead to a decline in profits in the bitcoin industry, leading to ‘ mining & rsquo; chain transmission, where the price of the miner has fallen or has fallen, and does not exclude partial trading, & &lsquao; mining & & rsquao; behaviour is transferred abroad. & & rdquao; & Grand Bank's Financial Markets Department analyst Zhou Xuehua said.
目前来看，反应最迅速的是提供各种“挖矿”服务的平台，多个平台火速“拔网线”。近日，虚拟货币交易平台火币宣布，暂停中国境内矿机托管服务，知名“挖矿”平台莱比特矿池也宣布停止中国境内客户矿机代购服务。
At present, the most rapid response has been the provision of a variety of “ mining & rdquo; service platforms, multiple platforms, & & & & & & & & rdquo;
为防止未来风险，已有大型矿场转移海外。“挖矿”平台火星云矿此前发布消息称，其部分矿机将转场至哈萨克斯坦矿场。还有一些矿场在筹划搬迁，主要目的地为俄罗斯、加拿大等，这些地方地广人稀，能源充足，监管较为宽松。
In order to prevent future risks, large mines have been transferred abroad. & & ldquo; excavating & rdquao; earlier news from the platform Mars Clouds that some of its aircraft would be diverted to Kazakhstan. Some of the mines are planning to relocate, mainly to Russia, Canada, etc., where there is a large population, energy and loose regulation.
也有人认为，监管对“挖矿”行业打击比较大，但还不到致命的地步。记者了解到，目前国内大部分矿场还没有转移，尚处在观望阶段，矿场的转移成本高，除了矿机，还有配套的散热柜等设备，此外还需要适应国外的监管政策、人力成本、重新建厂等。因此一些矿场主寄希望于各地政策执行情况，如果政策执行宽松，就还有生存空间。
It has also been argued that regulation has hit & & ldquo; mining & & rdquo; industry has hit more than fatally. Journalists have learned that most of the mines in the country have not yet been transferred, are still in a wait-and-see phase, that the transfer costs of the mines are high, that there are other equipment, such as a machine, and that there is also a need to adapt to foreign regulatory policies, human costs, re-construction of plants, etc. Some mine owners are therefore looking to local policy implementation, and that there is room for survival if policy implementation is relaxed.
对于这种侥幸心理，董希淼表示，相关机构要清醒认识，放弃幻想，“国务院层面首次对于比特币‘挖矿’与交易明确提出打击要求，无疑是动了真格，后续估计将会很快出台更有力度、更具针对性的监管措施，监管只会更严格，不会放松”。
In response to this shock, Dong Xijiang stated that the institutions concerned need to be conscious and disillusioned, “ for the first time at the level of the State Council with respect to Bitcoin &lsquao; mine mining & rsquao; and that the explicit requirement to strike with the transaction is undoubtedly a genuine move, and it is expected that stronger and more targeted regulatory measures will soon be put in place, which will only be more stringent and will not relax & rdquao;
“对于地方而言，要严格按照国务院的部署加强监管，坚决落实相关政策。”董希淼表示，地方不能因自身利益而放松政策执行，应坚决叫停“挖矿”招商引资，并综合采取手段推动既有“挖矿”企业有序退出。
& & ldquo; For local purposes, strengthen supervision in strict compliance with the State Council’s deployment and implement policies with determination. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Q & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & & & & ) & & & ) & & & & & & ) & & & & & & & & & & &, & &, & & & & & & & &
从法律层面完善监管
Improved regulation at the legal level
当前，我国正从各个方面加强对虚拟货币的监管。除“挖矿”遭监管围剿外，虚拟货币交易所、一些知名币圈大V也遭到搜索平台和社交平台的“封杀”。记者通过新浪微博、百度等平台搜索“火币”“币安”等交易所名词，均被提示“根据相关法律法规和政策，搜索结果未予显示”。
With the exception of “ mining & rdquo; regulated, the Virtual Currency Exchange, some famous currency circles and large V have also been subjected to & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & &, & & &, & & & & & &,, & &, & & & &,, &,, & & & & &,, &,. & & &,.. & &,,, & & & & & & & & &. & & &. &.. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &.
强监管之下，狂热的币圈已有明显降温迹象。截至7月2日上午，比特币报价3.2万美元，相比于在4月中旬6.4万美元的历史高峰，已跌去一半。比特币全网算力也出现下降，btc.com网站显示，目前全网算力87.32EH/S，一个多月时间从今年的峰值180EH/S下降了逾50%，这也侧面证明不少矿场已“关机”。
By the morning of 2 July, Bitcoin had offered $32,000, down by half from its historical peak of $64,000 in mid-April. Bitcoin's full Web capacity has also declined, and the btc.com website shows that it is currently 87.32 EH/S, with a more than 50 per cent reduction in more than a month from its peak of 180 EH/S this year, which confirms that a number of mines have & ldquao; shut down & rdquao;
不过，尽管遭遇监管重击，依然有人坚持“比特币信仰”，频频在网络上释放“抄底”信号，声称“上一次的暴跌是下一次暴涨的开始”，号召大家跑步“入场”。还有人通过购买云算力等方式规避对“挖矿”的监管。
However, despite the heavy regulatory blow, there are those who insist & & ldquo; Bitcoin faith & & rdquo; frequency release & & & & & rdquo on the network; copying the bottom & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & rdquao; calling for everyone to run & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &
“整治虚拟货币‘挖矿’与交易乱象刻不容缓。”董希淼表示，首先要完善法律法规，“目前个人交易比特币、‘挖矿’或使用清洁能源‘挖矿’等行为属不属于违法，并没有明确的法律界定，监管的主要依据还是相关协会、部门发布的文件，下一步应尽快弥补法律缺失，使监管更具威慑力”。
& & & & & & & & & lsquo; Reconstructing Virtual Currency & Lsquo; Digging & rsquo; and Disruption with Trade. & & & & & Trade & & Trade. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & T & & & & T & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & is not illegal and not clearly defined by law, the main basis for regulation is also the documents issued by the associations and departments concerned, and the next step should be to fill the legal gaps and make regulation more deterrent & & rdquo;
其次，对非法参与虚拟货币交易、炒作或为之提供支持服务的机构，司法部门与执法部门要形成联动，避免出现按下葫芦浮起瓢的监管现象。“要加强国际监管合作，共享监管信息，破解虚拟货币跨境监管等方面诸多难题。”董希淼说。
Second, the judiciary and law enforcement should be linked to institutions that are involved illegally in virtual currency transactions, campaigning, or providing support services to them, in order to avoid regulation based on thugs. & ldquo; difficulties in strengthening international regulatory cooperation, sharing regulatory information, and breaking the transborder regulation of virtual currency. & rdquo; and Dong Chi Xin saying.
周茂华也认为，未来需要加快补齐监管短板，监管部门和金融机构形成合力，提升监管效率。同时，还要深入跟踪研究虚拟货币技术方面的发展，加大技术创新力度，进一步推广数字人民币，维护法定货币主权地位。
Zhou Maohua also believes that, in the future, there is a need to speed up the process of filling the regulatory short-boards and to create synergies between the regulatory sector and the financial institutions in order to improve the efficiency of the regulation. At the same time, there is a need to follow up in depth on developments in virtual currency technology, increase technological innovation, and further promote digital renminbi and preserve the sovereign status of the legal currency.
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