好的区块链项目，都有这三个共同点 ｜ 人人都是产品经理

其实，做智能合约审计/简化的项目不少，比如 Etherparty、BlockCat、ZeeplinOS 等。那么，为什么只有 Quantstamp 被 YC 看中了呢？

In fact, there are a lot of smart contract audits/simplified projects like Etherparty, BlockCat, ZepelinOS, etc. Why is it that only Quantstamp is seen by YC?

凭的就是扎实、完备的理论基础。

It is on the basis of solid and well-established theoretical foundations.

智能合约就是一段程序 —— 和任何程序一样，都有可能有 bug 和漏洞。在人人都在谈论资产上链的今天，一个智能合约的漏洞，很可能损失价值千万级、甚至更高的数字货币。如果安全无法确保，区块链资产就无从谈起。Quantstamp 就是来“检查” 这些智能合约的区块链项目。

Smart contracts are a program – like any program – with possible bugs and holes. Today, when everyone is talking about the asset chain, a gap in a smart contract is likely to lose tens of thousands of grades, or even higher, of digital currency. There is no way to talk about block-chain assets if security is not assured. Quantstamp is just a block-chain project to “check” these smart contracts.

Quantstamp 主要就做两件事：

Quantstamp does two things:

• 第一，它是一个用于检查 Solidity 程序的、可升级的软件验证系统；
• 第二，它的奖励机制给人们主动找智能合约漏洞的“动力”。而其形式化验证、环形签名等，都仅仅围绕这两个主题展开。

而小探前两周刚刚介绍过的区块链项目CertiK，则是以 “扎实理论基础” 取胜的另一代表。

And the block chain project CertiK

Certik 是一家用“形式化验证”（Formal Verification）为智能合约、区块链应用提供安全性服务的公司。

Certik is a company that provides security services for smart contracts, block chain applications using the Form Verification .

用 CertiK 联合创始人顾荣辉教授的话说，“形式化验证”就是：用逻辑语言来描述规范，通过严谨的数学推演来检查给定的系统是否满足要求。

In the words of Professor Yonghui, the co-founder of CertiK, “formatically authenticated” is to describe norms in logical terms and to check whether a given system meets the requirements through rigorous mathematical exercises.

听着太抽象？黑客到底是怎么攻击智能合约的呢？

It's too abstract. How do hackers attack smart contracts?

我们举个例子：假设你用智能合约卖了辆二手车，在买家的钱没划进你的银行账户前，车是不会过户的。但是！黑客找到了该智能合约的潜在漏洞，假装钱已经到你的账上，智能合约条件满足、被触发，就会自动过户，你就这么莫名其妙白给别人了一辆车…

Let's give one example: assuming you sold a used car with a smart contract, you wouldn't cross the house until the buyer's money had been transferred into your bank account. But, the hacker found the potential loopholes in the smart contract and pretended that the money was on your account, that the smart contract was fulfilled and triggered, and that you moved automatically, and you gave someone a car for no reason #8230;

传统方法是：为了堵住可能的漏洞，开发者会预想一些可能的攻击路径，再针对这些情景测试，但如果黑客用了一种开发者没想到的方法，就会被黑，换句话说这种方法虽然 95% 的情况下都可靠，但无法保证 100% 可靠。

The traditional method of is: , in order to close possible loopholes, developers anticipate possible paths of attack and then test these scenarios, but if hackers use a method that the developers did not expect, it will be blacked, in other words, which, while reliable in 95% of cases, does not guarantee 100% reliability.

怎么提升最后这 5% 呢？

How do you raise the last 5%?

CertiK 采用的形式化验证，就是将智能合约转化成了数学模型，通过对逻辑上的推理演算来验证模型，从而证明智能合约的安全性。你看，一种是每一步都很缜密、严谨的数学逻辑、另一种是靠开发者猜测可能的攻击，哪种安全性更高不言而喻。

The formalization of CertiK is that transforms an intelligent contract into a mathematical model that validates a model through logical reasoning calculations, thus proving the security of an intelligent contract. You see, one is a sophisticated, rigorous mathematical logic at every step, the other is a developmenter's guess of a possible attack, and which kind of security is much more self-evident.

可见，扎实的理论基础，正是拉开了最后 5% 差距的原因。对了，这两家公司都会参与6月26日、27日举办的Blockchain Connect Conference，感兴趣的小伙伴，可以直接拉到文末进行购票！

So a solid theoretical foundation is the reason for the last 5% gap. By the way, both companies will be involved in the Blockchain Connect Conference on June 26th, 27th, and interested small partners will be able to pull their tickets directly to the end of the document!

靠谱的区块链项目要不就是理论基础扎实、要不就是从业经验丰富。两个都不沾边？赶紧洗洗睡吧。

If it's a solid theoretical foundation, or if it's a professional experience. Neither of them is involved. Let's get some sleep.

Ontology 和 NKN 就是两个 “从业经验丰富” 很好的例子。

Ontology and NKN are two good examples of "business experience."

Ontology（本体网络）是一个基础性公有链网体系，意在解决 “信任” 问题。长期以来，“信任” 都是一件高成本的事情，而且往往很耗时、很麻烦（比如，办证），即使我们设定规矩（比如 “不许办假证” 的法律、验证假证的技术），还是有很多信任漏洞（总有些人想办法办假证）。

Ontologiy (the home network) is a basic public network system intended to solve the problem of “trust. “trust” has long been a costly and often time-consuming and cumbersome (e.g., a certificate), and even if we set the rules (e.g., a “no false certificate” law, the technique of authenticating a false certificate), there are many trust gaps (some try to get a false certificate).

而且即便一个人的假证被识破，他完全可以换个地方继续行骗。发现问题了没？现在我们虽然有不同的“信任确认渠道”，但这些渠道都是孤立的、“就事论事” 的，渠道和渠道之间没有可信的桥梁，数据也不开放。

And even if a man's false testimony is discovered, he can continue to cheat in another place. What's wrong with it? Now we have different “trust confirmation channels”, but these channels are isolated, “matter-to-matter”, there is no credible bridge between the channels and the channels, and the data are not open.

Ontology 做的，就是这个“桥梁”，也是目前最难、价值最高的跨链协议。因此，Ontology 又被称为“链网”：区块链之间的互联网。他们的目标是让大家有 “链接” 与“授权” 自己数据的权利。

It's the bridge. It's the hardest and most valuable cross-chain protocol at the moment. So, it's called the “link network”: the Internet between blocks. Their goal is to give everyone the right to “link” and “authorize” their own data.

Ontology 自一问世，就得到了海外媒体的广泛关注：

Ontology has received a lot of attention from the overseas media since the very first day of his life:

Ontology 创始人李俊是 Onchain 的联合创始人、核心架构师，后者为Ontology 带来了极大的资源、技术优势。而且，Ontology 由国内领先的区块链技术团队 Onchain 作为技术主导。Onchain 的技术团队成员，从底层系统技术、到业务系统开发，都应对自如、经验丰富。

The founder of Ontoroy, Lee Joon, is the co-founder and core architect of Onchain, who brings great resources and technical advantages to Ontology. Moreover, Ontology is led by the country’s leading block chain technical team, Onchain.

另一个例子是 NKN。NKN 是什么呢？小探在之前的这篇文章里介绍过这个项目：

Another example is NKN. NKN. What is it? This project was introduced by detectives in a previous post:

如果说以太坊作为去中心化的的计算机平台，Filecoin 作为去中心化的存储网络，那么 NKN 要做的就是下一个去中心化的传输网络。

If Tairy is used as a decentralised computer platform and Filecoin as a decentralised storage network, then NKN is going to have to do the next decentralised transmission network.

NKN 团队的业内经验也十分丰富：创始人李彦博是国内顶级区块链公司 Onchain 的联合创始人和NEO的核心开发者，曾成功研发出众多业内项目。此外，Whitfield Diffie 也选择加入 NKN。Whitfield Diffie 是现代密码学之父、也是图灵奖得主。后者多年的行业经验，加上 NKN 创始人李彦博在 Onchain 的开发经历，使得 NKN 一亮相就取得了广泛关注。

The NKN team also has a great deal of in-house experience: the founder Lee Yingbo, a co-founder of the nation’s top block chain company, Onchain, and the core developer of the NEO, has been successful in developing many in-house projects. In addition, Whitfield Diffie has chosen to join NKN. Whitfield Diffie is the father of modern cryptography and the winner of the Turing Award. The latter’s many years of industry experience, together with the development experience of NKN founder Lee Yingbo in Onchain, has given NKN wide attention at first sight.

众人拾柴火焰高。区块链项目和互联网公司相比，其“去中心化”、“全球性” 更为明显 —— 而且，这一点不仅体现在项目核心团队上，更体现在社群本身。在下面这几家公认的优质区块链项目里，大部分都有一支国际化的队伍、和一个国际化的社群。

The block chain project is much more visible than the Internet company’s “decentralized” and “global” – and this is not only on the project’s core team, but also on the community itself. Most of the following recognized high-quality block chain projects have an internationalized team and an internationalized community.

比如我们刚才提到的 CertiK：其技术团队位于硅谷，工程师也是 Google、Facebook 的“校友”。联合创始人邵中，普林斯顿大学博士、耶鲁大学计算机系系主任/终身教授、中科大名誉院长、清华大学大师讲习团成员，20余年安全领域经验。联合创始人顾荣辉，清华大学本科、耶鲁大学博士、哥伦比亚大学助理教授。这么一支团队，学术实力了得，难怪能让 CertiK 有经得起考验的理论基础。

For example, CertiK, whose technical team is located in Silicon Valley and whose engineers are “alumni” of Google and Facebook, was mentioned earlier by the co-founders of the joint, Dr. Princeton University, the Dean/Live Professor of the Computer Department at Yale University, the Honorary Dean of China, and a member of the Qinghua University Masters' Lecture Group, who has had more than 20 years of experience in the field of security. The co-founders of the joint co-founders, Qinghua University Benko, Yale University, and Columbia University Assistant Professor.

再以本文开头的 Ontology 为例：其 50 人的团队里，高达 80% 都是来自 IBM等公司的技术人员。据介绍，团队有些成员有在其它区块链科技公司做架构。而 Quantstamp、区块链视频公司 Lino 等公司，大部分都来自各大藤校。

For example, at the beginning of this paper, Ontology: 80% of its 50 members are technicians from companies such as IBM. Some members of the team are described as being structured in other sector chain technology companies. Quantstamp, block chain video companies such as Lino, are mostly from various universities.

这些最顶尖、最优质的人才纷纷往区块链领域聚集，也能从侧面反映出这个领域的无限潜力。

These top, top-quality talents have gathered in the area of the block chain and have been able to reflect, on a side-by-side, the unlimited potential of this area.

当然，由于区块链项目的开源特性，只靠核心团队是建立不了整个社群的 —— “团队优秀就足够了” 这种思维，还是比较 “古典互联网”。

Of course, because of the open source nature of the block chain project, the entire community cannot be built by the core team alone — the idea that “team is good enough” or a comparison of “classical Internet”.

玩笑归玩笑，“优质区块链项目往往有不错的海内外社群” 这一点，肯定不是巧合。

It must not be a coincidence to joke about the fact that "high-quality block chain projects often have good internal and external communities."

Qtum的海外社区，就是出海的中国区块链项目里运营得最好的之一，尤其是韩国社区。小探在前几天采访韩国交易所 Zeniex 的 CEO 崔敬俊时，他就特别提到了 Qtum 在韩国的受欢迎程度：不仅 Qtum 核心人物帅初在韩国是 “网红”，而且 Qtum 在韩国圈内也是一个家喻户晓的名字。

The overseas community of Qtum is one of the best-run Chinese block chain projects out of the sea, especially in South Korea. In an interview with CEO Choi Jin Joon of the Korean Exchange Zeniex the previous day, Qtum was mentioned in particular as his popularity in South Korea: not only did Qtum's core figure be “net red” in South Korea, but Qtum was also a popular name in South Korean circles.

区块链项目这么多，为什么单单 Qtum 颇受欢迎呢？这当然不是巧合。原来，Qtum 十分重视海外社群的发展。我们以韩国为例：韩国本土的区块链项目与中、美相比并不算多，导致本土不少投资者转向韩国海外项目，而在进军韩国的项目中，Qtum 非常注重社群的运营，不论线上、线下，都聚集了韩国一批对于项目充满热情的粉丝，建立了蓬勃发展的生态系统。这么看来，Qtum 在韩国的成功，也顺理成章。

There are so many block chain projects in South Korea, why is Qtum the only one that is popular? Of course, it's not a coincidence. From now on, Qtum attaches great importance to the development of overseas communities

Qtum 在韩国的社群

再说说另一个社群运营得好的内容价值预测平台U Network。 作为一个还比较年轻的项目，U Network 的社群发展得非常迅速：社群粉丝遍布 82 国家，人数一个月内以十倍的速度迅速增长，速度惊人。

Again, another community operates a well-functioning content-value forecasting platform U Network. As a relatively young project, UNetwork’s community is growing very rapidly: social fans are everywhere in 82 countries, growing at an alarming rate of 10 times the size of a month.

在区块链的世界里，酒香也怕巷子深。有些项目质量上佳，但海外社群的拓展与运营多少有点不得其法。U Network 的社群运营和小探分享说，尽管粉丝数量一直稳步增长，但其实 U Network 更注重的，反而不是数量，而是粉丝的质量。想入群？可以，但入群有门槛。

In the world of block chains, the smell of alcohol is also afraid of alleys. Some projects are of good quality, but there is a little bit of a way for the overseas community to expand and operate. UNetwork’s community operations and small-scale explorations say that, while the number of fans has been growing steadily, UNetwork is actually more focused on the quality of fans than on the number.

此外，U Network 也非常注重和每位粉丝的互动：每个粉丝都会得到项目社群运营工作人员一对一的交流、沟通。所有粉丝对项目的疑问，都会得到回答。而且项目方和粉丝完全透明，每周都会定期和大家汇报项目进展进度。

In addition, UNetwork focuses very much on interaction with every fan: every fan gets one-on-one communication from the project community operators. All fans answer questions about the project. And the projecters and fans are completely transparent, and every week they report back to you on the progress of the project on a regular basis.

U Network 对社群运营的上心，也得到了回报：粉丝不仅自发地召集设计师、设计项目相关产品、海报、甚至同人漫画，还有粉丝完全自发地找了区块链媒体、业内有影响力人士为项目点评。

U Network also received rewards: fans not only spontaneously called up designers, design project-related products, posters, even cartoons of the same person, but also fans completely spontaneously approached block chain media and influential people in the industry to comment on the project.

看来，如果想做出一个成功的区块链项目，“闭门造车” 是行不通的，不论 Qtum 还是 U Network，都深知 “利用群众的力量”。说到底，区块链项目的 “去中心化” 特性，会使其对 “社区化” 的要求更高。

It seems that “closing the door” is not an option if a successful block chain project is to be made. Whether Qtum or UNetwork is well aware of “using the power of the masses.” In the end, the “decentralization” character of the block chain project makes it even more demanding that it be “communityized”.

我们刚才提到的这些区块链项目，无不指向区块链发展的下一步：脱虚向实。从监管部门、从业人员、到机构投资者，大家都已经慢慢建立了这个共识。

These block chain projects, to which we have just referred, point to the next step in the development of the block chain: decoupling. From regulators, practitioners, to institutional investors, we have all slowly built this consensus.

本文由 @硅谷密探（微信公众号 ID : guigudiyixian)） 原创发布于人人都是产品经理。未经许可，禁止转载。

This post was originally published by @Silica ValleyInspector (WebCh ID:guigudiyixian) as a product manager for everyone.

题图来自 Pixabay，基于 CC0 协议

The title is from Pixabay, based on the CC0 protocol.

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