区块链的技术、原理、金融、社区

2、区块链的原理是什么?

2. What is the rationale for the block chain?

结合定义区块链的定义，需要有这四个特征我们才能认为：去中心化（Decentralized）、去信任（Trustless）、集体维护（Collectively maintain）、可靠数据库（Reliable Database）。并且由四个特征会引申出另外2个特征：

In conjunction with the definition of a block chain, these four characteristics are required to be considered: decentralization (decisionralized), detrust (Trustless), collective maintenance (Collectively maintain), reliable databases (Reliable Database), and two other features can be derived from four features:

开源（Open Source）、匿名性（Anonymity）。如果一个系统不具备这些特征，将不能视其为基于区块链技术的应用。    去中心化（Decentralized）：整个网络没有中心化的硬件或者管理机构，任意节点之间的权利和义务都是均等的，且任一节点的损坏或者失去都会不影响整个系统的运作。因此也可以认为区块链系统具有极好的健壮性。    去信任（Trustless）：参与整个系统中的每个节点之间进行数据交换是无需互相信任的，整个系统的运作规则是公开透明的，所有的数据内容也是公开的，因此在系统指定的规则范围和时间范围内，节点之间是不能也无法欺骗其它节点。    集体维护（Collectively maintain）：系统中的数据块由整个系统中所有具有维护功能的节点来共同维护的，而这些具有维护功能的节点是任何人都可以参与的。    可靠数据库（Reliable Database）：整个系统将通过分数据库的形式，让每个参与节点都能获得一份完整数据库的拷贝。除非能够同时控制整个系统中超过51%的节点，否则单个节点上对数据库的修改是无效的，也无法影响其他节点上的数据内容。因此参与系统中的节点越多和计算能力越强，该系统中的数据安全性越高。    开源（Open Source）：由于整个系统的运作规则必须是公开透明的，所以对于程序而言，整个系统必定会是开源的。    匿名性（Anonymity）：由于节点和节点之间是无需互相信任的，因此节点和节点之间无需公开身份，在系统中的每个参与的节点都是匿名的。

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3、区块链金融是什么?

3. What is block chain finance?

2016年，革新者将被革新。新一轮技术革命将一边应对共享经济的陌生人之间信任的挑战，一边破坏此类平台赚钱的基础。

In 2016, the innovators will be innovators. A new technology revolution will address the challenge of trust between strangers in a shared economy and undermine the basis for such platforms to make money.

传统的中介

Traditional intermediaries

共享经济虽然有效地挑战了现状，并且带有强烈创新属性，但是，它采用的依然是非常传统的商业模式。

While the shared economy effectively challenges the status quo and has strong innovative attributes, it still uses a very traditional business model.

最常见的对交易收取佣金的方式已经沿用了数个世纪。今天，技术已经让很多事成为可能，但是仍无法完全取代中介。

The most common form of commissioning of transactions has been in place for centuries. Today, technology has made many things possible, but it is still not a complete substitute for intermediaries.

P2P 平台与其他在线市场刚兴起时，人们纷纷谈论去中介（disintermediation），这种绕过传统中介，通过网络直接将人们连接起来的新方式。事实上，尽管我们已经体会到新型市场便捷得多，并看到与各种供应商进行交易的可能性，但是，我们今天仍然在很大程度上依赖中介。事实是如今最大的新型企业正是巨型中介，其规模超乎想象，像阿里巴巴、Amazon、eBay 和 Uber。

When the P2P platform and other online markets emerged, there was talk of intermediaries, a new way to bypass traditional intermediaries and connect people directly through the web. Indeed, while we already feel much easier to reach new markets and see the possibility of trading with various suppliers, we still rely heavily on intermediaries today.

有没有一种技术解决方案，能够完全去除各交易方之间的中介？是否存在一个系统，在其中你能够与任何人直接交易，并免于受到欺骗，同时无人拥有该系统，因此没有佣金收取方。

Is there a technical solution that would completely eliminate intermediaries between the various trading parties? Is there a system in which you can deal directly with anyone and be free from deception while no one owns the system, so there is no commission to collect it?

区块链技术使之成为可能。区块链是比特币的核心技术，极具创新性，可以用于建成完全透明、无主、分散的系统，能在没有任何形式中介的情况下，保证各种交易方安全进行交易，这些交易方包括人、企业、甚至是政府。

Block chain technology makes this possible. Block chains are the core technology of Bitcoin and are extremely innovative and can be used to build fully transparent, unowned and decentralized systems that guarantee the safe conduct of transactions by various trading parties, including people, businesses, and even governments, without any form of intermediaries.

自然而然地，很多资源流向了区块链，区块链也给金融与法律行业带来了相当的影响，并最终将在这两个行业肆虐横行，或者提供最佳机会，这全在于你怎么看待它。 

Naturally, a lot of resources flow into the chain of blocks, which also have a considerable impact on the financial and legal sectors, and which will eventually dominate the two industries or provide the best opportunity, depending on how you see it. & nbsp;

去中心化金融

To centralize finance.

2015年，可能是出于对另类金融（alternative finance）市场增长的高度敏感，九家投资银行针对区块链技术金融服务联合开发了开放标准。去年，不断有各种活动讨论区块链技术的未来，还推出了Slock.it，这是去中心化共享经济的第一批技术堆栈之一。

In 2015, perhaps because of a high degree of sensitivity to the growth of alternative finance markets, nine investment banks jointly developed open standards for block-chain technical financial services. Over the past year, there have been a number of events to discuss the future of block-chain technology, and the launch of Block.it, one of the first technology stacks to decentralize the shared economy.

区块链下的共享经济是什么样的？

What is the shared economy under the block chain?

如果你想在共享经济中继续赚取佣金，那就要创造新的商业模式。

If you want to continue to earn commissions in the shared economy, a new business model will have to be created.

当然，区块链市场仍将需要一些投资。开发者可能乐于花费时间，解决困扰系统的代码。但是，我至今还没遇到早该出现的有类似想法或乐于投资的品牌顾问、设计师或商人。单单依靠代码无法帮助区块链市场进入主流。

Of course, there will still be some investment in the block chain market. Developers may be happy to spend time solving the code that plagues the system. But, as yet, I have not met brand consultants, designers or businessmen with similar ideas or who are willing to invest.

但是区块链将会蓬勃发展，加之摆脱了烦人的中介，几乎可以预测它肯定会比现有的共享经济更加便宜，到那时，巨头们就会被迫着手应对。

But the chain of blocks will flourish, and it will be almost predictable that it will be cheaper than the existing shared economy, when the giants will be forced to deal with it.

老牌共享经济将重复历史，因坚信本身坚不可摧而走向没落，被更灵活、有科技助力的竞争对手迅速取代？还是将进行实验，在共享经济 2.0 中找到有利可图的市场，并在游戏中胜出？

Will the old shared economy repeat its history and be quickly replaced by a more flexible and technologically supportive competitor because it is convinced that it is indestructible, or will it be tested to find profitable markets in the shared economy 2.0 and win in the game?

那么信用呢？

What about credit?

信用，是共享经济相关所有讨论中的最高频词，相当复杂棘手。目前的协作平台们表达地非常清晰：我们能提高共享经济中的信任水平；我们能采取最优措施，保证用户信任我们的平台并在上面交易，但是，我们无法保证人与人的交易值得信任。区块链解则解决了上述问题。

Credit, the highest number of words in all discussions about sharing the economy, is complicated and difficult. The current platform for collaboration is very clear: we can raise the level of trust in the shared economy; we can take the best measures to ensure that users trust our platform and deal with it, but we cannot guarantee trust in people’s transactions.

区块链中交易系统不可改变，并且可以在已分配分类账内跟踪每笔交易，智能合同为所有双方交易充分设定参数与条件，因此区块链不再需要任何的 “可信中介” 或者陌生人之间信用的担保方。

The trading system in the block chain is unalterable, and each transaction can be tracked in the assigned ledger. Smart contracts fully set the parameters and conditions for all parties to the transaction, so the block chain no longer requires any “trustworthy intermediary” or guarantor of credit between strangers.

到 2017年，监管机构将意识到他们需要彻底反思共享经济领域的规章制度。那时，各交易方将在区块链中达成数亿的独立合同，一种解决方案是向系统中敲进规则代码。

By 2017, regulators will realize that they need a thorough rethinking of regulations in the shared economy. By then, traders will have reached hundreds of millions of independent contracts in the block chain, one solution being to tap into the system’s rules code.

2008年 左右共享经济首次出现时，很多人欢呼不已，认为是将带领我们进入一种新的包容、可持续经济的现象，是未来带我们进入后资本范式的一种民主化力量。但是，（到目前为止）事实并非如此。互联网刚出现时也是这样，在最初阶段曾被乌托邦式理想化，所以，对区块链持有同样变革性期待的人很可能会失望。即便如此，区块链将动摇共享经济巨头，这丝毫不会受到影响。

In 2008, when the shared economy emerged for the first time, many cheered about it as a phenomenon that would lead us into a new inclusive, sustainable economy, and a democratizing force that would lead us into the post-capital paradigm. But (to date) that was not the case.

4、区块链社区

4. Block chain communities

布比区块链专注于区块链技术和产品的创新，已拥有多项核心技术，开发了自有的区块链服务平台。以去中心化信任为核心，致力于打造开放式价值流通网络，让数字资产都自由流动起来。

The Bubi block chain, which focuses on innovation in block chain technology and products, already has a number of core technologies, and has developed its own block chain service platform. At the heart of decentralizing trust, it is committed to building open value flow networks that allow digital assets to move freely.

特色与优势

Features and strengths

已取得多项核心技术创新，开发了自有的区块链基础服务平台，已在股权、供应链、积分、信用等领域开展应用。

A number of core technological innovations have been made, and a self-owned infrastructure service platform for block chains has been developed and has been applied in areas such as equity, supply chains, credits and credit.

快速交易验证

Quick Transaction Validation

通过对签名算法、共识机制、账本存储等关键交易环节的优化，布比区块链可以实现秒级的快速交易验证。

By optimizing key transaction links such as signature algorithms, consensus mechanisms, bookkeeping, etc., the Bubi block chain allows quick transaction validation at the second level.

高效账本存取

Efficient account book access

布比区块链对账本存储结构的调整，可以节省90%的储存空间，降低系统长时间运行，导致账本存取性能下降的风险。

The restructuring of the Bubi block chain reconciliation storage structure will save 90 per cent of the storage space and reduce the risk that the system will operate for long periods of time, resulting in reduced access performance to the books.

多种资产发行

Multiple asset issuances

布比区块链支持不同用户、多种资产的发行与交易，每种资产可跟踪记录发行商、发行数量、交易流通等详情。

The Bubi block chain supports the issuance and transaction of different users, multiple assets, each of which can track the issuer, the number of issuances, the circulation of transactions, etc.

联合签名控制

Joint signature control

允许同一账户下设置多个使用用户，并针对不同的操作设置相应的权限，以满足多方签名控制的使用场景。

Allows multiple user settings under the same account and corresponding privileges for different operations to accommodate multiple signature controls.

内置智能合约

Built-in smart contracts

智能合约是一套以数字形式定义的承诺，区块链变身合约的参与方，负责维护保存合约，并自动执行。

Smart contracts are defined as a set of commitments in digital form, and the parties to the block chain conversion contract are responsible for maintaining the preservation contract and implementing it automatically.

链上交易所

The chain exchange.

与传统中心化交易所相比，用区块链构建的交易平台，所有交易都在链上验证、完成和保存，保障用户交易安全性。

Compared to traditional centralized exchanges, all transactions are validated, completed and preserved on a block chain to ensure the security of transactions by users.

布比区块链要做的是一项新的技术和产品——实现真正的价值流通，使得互联网到达一个新的高度。如果有了这个技术的应用，在转移资产的时候就可以没有中心机构了，可以实现我们之间资产的直接转移。将来如果网络本身可以结账，我们就可以直接转移了，就不需要通过中间机构。

What the Bubi block chain is going to do is a new technology and product – a real flow of value that will bring the Internet to a new height. If this technology is applied, there will be no central institution at the time of the transfer of assets, and there will be a direct transfer of assets between us. In the future, if the network itself closes the accounts, we will be able to move directly, without having to go through an intermediary.