区块链技术的研究，最终需要通过应用来实现价值。在众多区块链应用场景中，需要梳理出区块链的重要应用领域，找出应用领域的共性集中解决。本文认为应用发展的重点领域至少包括如下这些方面。
Research on block-chain technologies ultimately needs to be applied to achieve value. In many block-chain applications, there is a need to map out important application areas of block-chain applications and identify common areas of application that need to be addressed. The areas of focus for application development include at least the following.
严格意义上讲，技术平台不属于应用，但为了更好的构建区块链应用系统，需要一个良好的区块链技术平台。当前，已经有一些企业或者地方开始关注和构建区块链技术平台，例如移动牵头的BSN，太一云的TBaaS等，一些地方区块链产业园也在发展区块链技术平台，例如湖南长沙、江西赣州都在构建区块链服务平台。区块链技术平台已经超出了BaaS的范畴，包括BaaS，同时还提供了其他一些通用功能，涵盖底层链、中间件、运维套件等。区块链技术平台的构建可能需要投入比较大的人力、物力、财力，但是一旦建成，将能够大大降低区块链应用系统的建设门槛，节省区块链应用系统的建设成本，可以说，区块链技术平台的成熟，标志着区块链产业的成熟，因此，需要大力推进区块链技术平台、区块链中间件的研发。
In the strict sense, the technology platform is not an application, but in order to better construct the block chain application system, a good block chain technology platform is needed. There are now a number of enterprises or localities that have started to focus on and construct block chain technology platforms, such as mobile-led BSN, too cloudy TBaS, and some local block chain estates are also developing block chain technology platforms, such as Hunan Changsha and Jiangxikan. The block chain technology platform is already beyond the BaaS scope, including BaaS, and also provides other generic functions covering the bottom chain, intermediates, and wiring packages.
金融资产类区块链应用是区块链应用的第一类应用场景，也是当前最重要的区块链应用领域。这类应用已经不仅仅是数字货币，而是涵盖了金融资产领域的各种应用。当前，国内禁止民间从事数字货币的业务，但一些其他金融资产领域的区块链应用也在不断的实践，例如供应链金融、发票等。一些系统内已经正在使用的金融资产系统，也在尝试采用区块链技术进行升级改造，例如质押单、购物券、积分卡等等。这一块区块链应用，应该在国家法制法规的框架内，鼓励应用区块链技术，因为区块链技术的应用不仅升级了现有金融系统，而且为监管提供渠道，更是能够起到保护金融资产用户的权益的作用。区块链在金融资产领域的应用尤其需要重视扶持与监管的平衡。
The application of block chains is the first and most important application of block chains today. Such applications cover not only digital currency, but also a variety of applications in the area of financial assets. Currently, private operations in digital currency are prohibited in the country, but the application of block chains in some other areas of financial assets, such as supply chain finance, invoices, etc. The systems of financial assets already in use in some systems are also attempting to upgrade them by using block chain technologies, such as pledge orders, purchase vouchers, scorecards, etc. The application of this block chain should encourage the application of block chain technologies, within the framework of national legal regulations, since the application of block chain technologies not only upgrades the existing financial system, but also provides channels for regulation, more so as to protect the rights and interests of users of financial assets.
在工业领域中应用区块链已经成为众多区块链服务机构、地方区块链产业发展主管部门重点关注的领域，特别是将区块链与工业互联网结合已经成为重要研究和实践的领域。在工业互联网中涉及到众多环节，例如原型设计、生产制造、物资供应、仓储运送、态势感知、万物互联、智慧调度、多方联动、三流合一等等。区块链技术的引入，对于工业应用在交易、存证、溯源、协同等方面有着良好的结合点，有利于将工业产业推向更加智能、更加高效、更加联动、更加可信的环境中，从而更好的发展工业生产力。
The application of block chains in the industrial sphere has become the focus of numerous block-chain service agencies, local sector-chain industry development authorities, particularly in areas where the integration of block-chains with the industrial Internet has become an important area of research and practice. There are many links involved in the industrial Internet, such as prototype design, production, material supply, warehousing, situational awareness, interconnection, intelligent dispatch, crowd-linking, trifluence, etc. The introduction of block-chain technologies has a good combination of trade, record-keeping, traceability, synergies, etc., which has contributed to the better development of industrial productivity by moving industrial industries towards a more intelligent, efficient, connected and credible environment.
农业已经逐渐成为各种新兴技术应用的主战场，各种平台逐渐深入农业农村，带动农业农村的发展，为农民带来收入的增长，区块链同样也很有必要在农业中得到切实的广泛的应用。区块链在农业农村中的应用点很多，例如精准扶贫、乡村振兴、土地确权、民宿预定、农家乐、农品溯源、农品交易、农业金融等等，区块链的应用将有利于保护农民利益，盘活农村经济。
Agriculture has gradually become the main arena for the application of new and emerging technologies, with various platforms moving into rural agriculture, leading to growth in rural agriculture and generating income for farmers, and the need for a meaningful and wide-ranging application of the chains in rural agriculture. There are many applications in the chains, such as precision poverty alleviation, rural revitalization, land titling, housing, agribusiness, agricultural traceability, agricultural trade, and agricultural finance.
服务领域非常适合采用区块链技术来进行规范、带动，解决该领域中存在的单方面服务缩水、服务变动、服务取消等诚信问题。服务类型有很多种，例如社区里的理发、美容、健身服务，社会上的培训、咨询、向导服务，商务上的代理、撮合服务等等。区块链在服务领域中的应用点非常多，例如服务人员的实名认证、技能认证、健康认证、公安证明、诚信评估等，还有服务卡、服务期限、服务地点、服务规格、服务收费标准等，以及服务合约、服务存证、服务取证、服务处理执行等，这些都可以采用区块链技术进行规范，既能够为服务者带来更多的流量，也能为客户保证权益，有利于服务市场的健康发展。
The service sector is well suited to use block chain technology to regulate, drive, and resolve issues of integrity in this area, such as unilateral service shrinkage, service changes, service cancellations, etc. The service type is diverse, such as barbers in the community, beauty, fitness services, social training, counselling, guidance services, commercial agents, matchmaking services, etc. The service sector has many applications, such as physical certification of service providers, certification of skills, certification of health, certification of public security, evaluation of integrity, service cards, duration of service, service specifications, fee-for-service standards, etc., as well as service contracts, service certificates, proof-of-services, service processing and so on, which can be regulated by block chain technology, which can generate additional flows for service providers, as well as assurance of client interests and the healthy development of the service market.
社会治理将是未来区块链应用的重点领域，区块链的特性本来就是优化生产关系，社会关系也非常需要诚信。区块链在社会治理方面的应用点同样非常多，例如基于区块链的数字公民管理、数字企业管理、数字社区管理、数字政务管理、社会综合治理、社会公共服务、综合应急指挥等等。通过区块链技术的引入，对于诚信公民、诚信企业、和谐社区、清廉政务均有很大的帮助，对于治理和服务也起到可信互联的作用。国家层面最近提出的“新基建”、“智治”均可以在基于区块链的社会治理中得到响应。
Social governance will be a priority area for the application of future block chains, which are inherently characterized by optimal productive relationships, and social relationships that require good faith. There are also many applications of block chains for social governance, such as digital citizen management based on block chains, digital enterprise management, digital community management, digital governance, integrated social governance, social public services, integrated emergency command, and so on. The introduction of block chain technology will be of great help to honest citizens, honest businesses, harmonious communities, clean-up of integrity, and credible interconnection of governance and services.
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