华夏时报（www.chinatimes.net.cn）记者 赵奕 胡金华 上海报道
Reporter of the Summer Times (www.chinatimes.net.cn)
日前，据美国全国广播公司（NBC）报道，美国多家公司以“发行虚拟货币支持特朗普竞选”为名，欺骗了大量特朗普的狂热支持者。
Today, according to the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), a number of United States companies have deceived a large number of TRP fanatics in the name of “issuing virtual currency to support the Trump campaign”.
《华夏时报》记者在虚拟货币投资平台发现，今年5月，有2款特朗普概念币发售，但目前行情走势并不乐观。其中，一款名为“TRUMPARMY”的代币在一周内下跌超70%，已经接近归零。
In May of this year, two Trump concept coins were sold, but the trend is not encouraging. One of them, called TRUMPARMY, fell by more than 70% in a week and is close to zero.
“‘炒币’就是骗局，是诈骗。”中国通信工业协会两化融合委员会副会长吴高斌向《华夏时报》记者表示，在我国虚拟货币的全产业链条金融活动属于非法，任何形式都不能参加。对这种“炒币”骗局，投资者要保持高度警惕和谨慎。这种骗局利用了人们对虚拟货币的不了解和对特朗普的支持，以高额回报为诱饵，吸引了大量的投资者。但实际上，这些虚拟货币并没有任何价值。
“The ‘fiction’ is a scam, a fraud.” Vice-President of the China Communications Industry Association’s Integration Commission, Wu Goobin, told the Washington Times reporter that the entire industry chain of financial activity in our virtual currency was illegal and could not participate in any way. Investors should be very vigilant and cautious about such “fibre” scams.
“空气币”泛滥成灾
Air coins >
NBC报道称，注册在美国科罗拉多州的“合众国爱国者”“爱国者未来”等多家公司，分别向特朗普支持者发行了一款名为“特朗普币”的虚拟货币。这些货币上印有美国前总统特朗普的头像、签名等标识，面值1万美元。
NBC reports that several companies, such as the United States Patriots “The Future of Patriots”, registered in Colorado, United States, each issued a virtual currency called “Trump coin” to Trump supporters. These currencies are marked with the head of former US President Trump, signatures, etc., worth $10,000.
这些公司宣称，购买者以99.99美元一枚的售价买入这些虚拟货币，在特朗普当选后即可在富国银行、美国银行等金融机构获得1万美元的现金。此外，这些公司还用人工智能生成了特朗普在采访中为这些虚拟货币“背书”的视频。
These companies claim that buyers buy these virtual currencies at a sale price of $99.99, and that they can get $10,000 in cash from financial institutions such as wealthy countries’ banks, United States banks, and so on after Trump’s election. In addition, they use artificial intelligence to generate Trump’s video of the virtual money being “backed” in interviews.
据福布斯报道，一名特朗普粉丝在推特上发文称，自己过去一年购买了价值约2200美元的“特朗普币”以及相关物品，但当他试图在当地银行兑现时方才发现，这些货币原来一文不值。而一位来自阿拉巴马州的女士表示，她花费了1500美元购买“特朗普币”，却被一名银行员工告知自己上当受骗了。
Forbes reported that a Trump fan posted on Twitter that he had purchased “Trump coins” and related items worth about $2,200 over the past year, but only when he tried to cash them in local banks found that they were worthless. A lady from Alabama said that she had spent $1,500 on buying “Trump coins,” but was told by a bank employee that she had been deceived.
NBC指出，目前，没有证据表明这些涉嫌诈骗的团伙与特朗普或他的总统竞选活动有关。
NBC stated that, at present, there was no evidence that the groups suspected of fraud were linked to Trump or to his presidential campaign.
报道中出现的“特朗普币”似乎并未在传统虚拟货币交易平台上线交易，《华夏时报》记者多方查询，并未发现其交易记录，但在探查过程中，记者发现，今年5月，有2款特朗普概念币上线。其中，名为“TrumpCoin(DTC)”的代币在上线后便出现下跌，行情走势宛如过山车，一周内下跌33.33%。其白皮书中，以特朗普为原型的动画形象十分醒目。另一款名为“TRUMPARMY”的代币更是在一周内暴跌73.05%。
The “Trumpon” appearing in the report does not appear to be on-line at the traditional virtual currency trading platform, and the reporter of the Washington Times did not find any records of his transactions, but in the course of the inquiry, the reporter found that in May of this year, two Trump concept coins were on the line. Among them, the token “TrumpCoin” fell when it came to the line, and the trend was as strong as a roller, falling by 33.33 per cent in a week.
这些令投资者损失惨重的代币从何而来？
Where do these coins, which cost investors so much, come from?
事实上，一直以来，“空气币”在币圈泛滥成灾。日前，空投项目Elonpepe，打着空投的名义宣传，上线后不仅没有空投，开盘就跑路了，暴跌100%。在此之前上线的FOMO，连续涨了两天后便开始了暴跌模式，后续入场的投资者血本无归。
In fact, the “air coin” has been rife in the currency circles. Today, the air-drop project Elonpepepe has been promoted in the name of airdrops.
“很多投资者都喜欢关注一些KOL，也就是所谓的大V，觉得他们资历深、渠道广、消息多，获利的机会更大，但大部分的投资者都是这样被割的。对项目方、交易所和这些大V来说，币有无价值不重要，能带来人气才是最重要的。”资深加密货币投资者Sherry向《华夏时报》记者表示。
“Many investors like to focus on KOL, the so-called Big V, and feel that they are highly qualified, well-informed, and more profitable, but most investors are cut off. For project parties, exchanges, and these big Vs, the value of the currency is not important, and it is important to bring people in.
吴高斌表示，发币监管在全球范围内都被各个国家定义为非法证券发行，在我国也是同样，投资者一旦投资非法行为包括签合同等都均受不到任何法律保护，参与相关推广工作也会被视为非法活动领导与组织者，信息传递被视为帮信罪等。
Wu Goobin stated that the regulation of currency issuance is defined globally by various countries as an illegal issue of securities, as is the case in my country, where investors are not afforded any legal protection in the event of illegal investment, including contracting, etc., where participation in the promotion can also be seen as a leader and organizer of illegal activities, and the transmission of information as a crime of sedition, etc.
你跑得够快吗？
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}Did you run fast enough?
《华夏时报》记者了解到，在ICO之后，币圈又衍生出IEO（首次交易发行）、STO（证券型代币发行）、IFO（首次分叉发行）等多种发币方法。
The Washington Times journalist learned that, after ICO, the currency ring had been derived from various methods of currency issuance, such as IEO (first issue of transactions), STO (symbol issue), and IFO (first issue of splits).
“之前项目方发币还要搞白皮书、写合约、做路演，但现在，任何人都可以发币，不需要会写代码，甚至不需要会英语，有很多傻瓜软件可以一键发币，花一块钱创建一个账号，随便起一个喜欢的名字，填写发行量、精度等内容，确认合约即可拥有自己的加密货币。”资深加密货币投资者Sherry向《华夏时报》记者表示。
“The project has previously issued white papers, contracts, road shows, but now anyone can give money without having to write a code or even speak English, and there are a lot of stupid software to give money with a single key, a dollar to create an account, a name that you like, a circulation, precision, etc., and confirm that a contract can have its own encrypted currency.” Sherry, a senior cryptographic money investor, said to a Washington Times journalist.
“说白了，就是看谁跑得快。”Sherry表示，这些代币背后没有技术，没有底层逻辑，甚至没有团队，所以风险特别高。
“To be clear, it is to see who runs fast.” Sherry states that the risk is particularly high because of the lack of technology, bottom logic, or even teams behind these coins.
另一位交易所从业者陈冰（化名）向《华夏时报》记者表示：“用户需要输入的，只有代币名称、代币符号以及发行量这几项而已，在安装插件和注册好钱包之后，点击发币网站的发行代币按钮，网站会获取你的钱包地址，支付一些手续费即可完成代币发行。一些小型网站，手续费不超过100元，连10分钟都用不上，就可以发币了。”
Another exchange operator, Chen Ice (aliasing) said to the Washington Times journalist: “Users need to enter only token names, token symbols, and circulation. After installing plugs and registering wallets, click on the issue button of the currency website, which will get your wallet address and pay some fees to complete the issuance of the coin. Some small websites, with no more than $100, cannot even be used for 10 minutes, will be able to issue the coin.”
“一些精益求精的项目，就会去复制一些其他项目的白皮书，简单改一改，给自己拍两张商务照，或者直接找淘宝模特，任何人都可以成为‘币圈大佬’，再找几个KOL、大V喊单，拉流量，接下来就等着韭菜上钩了。”陈冰如是说。
“Some projects that seek excellence will reproduce some of the other white papers, simply change them, take two business photos for themselves, or directly look for a treasure-hunting model, and anyone can be a ‘coin ringer’, and find some KOL, a big V call, pull the flow, and then wait for the pickles to be hooked up.” He says.
“大家不要和老韭菜交流，他们还没发财是有原因的。”陈冰打趣道。
"Don't talk to the old custard. There's a reason they're not rich."
《华夏时报》记者以“发币”为关键词在互联网进行搜索发现，如今，各种“一键发币”的教程比比皆是，一些博主甚至以此为生，售卖“发币教学包”。一位博主发布的收费清单显示，单独购买教程收费600USDT（约4200元人民币），一对一线上培训包教包会收费1000 USDT（约7000元人民币）（附赠全套教程），其宣称，“学会付清所有费用，包括发币、开源、丢权限、批量转账、上交易所、LP及占比查询、永久锁仓、锁仓固定时间、锁代币、黑白名单、合约检测、多模式组合合约部署。”
A search on the Internet by the Washington Times journalist using the key word “currency” has revealed that today there are a wide range of “key money” courses, whereby bloggers sell and sell “money-distribution packages” for their living. A list of fees issued by a blogger shows that a separate course is purchased at a cost of 600 USDT (approximately RMB 4,200) and a one-to-line training package at a cost of 1,000 USDT (approximately RMB 7,000) (with a full curriculum), which declares that “the Society pays all costs, including coins, open sources, lost rights, bulk transfers, entering the exchange, LP and overtake inquiries, permanent lock-ups, lock-down time, locked currency, black-and-white lists, contract testing, multi-modal contract deployments”.
比这些一键发币软件和教学“高级”一点的是，一些声称可以做代币开发的外包团队，宣称能为项目方提供专属网络、身份链、智能合约、共识机制、跨链交易、多链交互等多种开发服务。价格则根据项目不同需求来确定。
To a lesser extent than these key issues of currency distribution software and “advanced” teaching, some of the outsourcing teams that claim to be pro rata development teams claim to provide project parties with a variety of development services, such as exclusive networks, identity chains, smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, cross-chain transactions, and multi-chain interactions. Prices are determined according to the different needs of the project.
一位曾经的区块链项目工作人员向《华夏时报》记者表示，发行方成本是零，他们最重要的是控制在市场上的币的流通量，比如只允许20%的币参与流通，发行方手里控制80%的代币，找些大V把币价炒高，然后慢慢割韭菜。
A former block chain project staff member indicated to the Washington Times that the cost to issuers was zero and that the most important thing was to control the circulation of the currency on the market, for example by allowing only 20 per cent of the currency to be involved, controlling 80 per cent of the currency in the hands of the issuer, looking for large Vs to inflate the price and then slowly cut vegetables.
2021年9月，央行等10部门发布《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》。通知明确，虚拟货币相关业务活动属于非法金融活动。开展法定货币与虚拟货币兑换业务、虚拟货币之间的兑换业务、作为中央对手方买卖虚拟货币、为虚拟货币交易提供信息中介和定价服务、代币发行融资以及虚拟货币衍生品交易等虚拟货币相关业务活动涉嫌非法发售代币票券、擅自公开发行证券、非法经营期货业务、非法集资等非法金融活动，一律严格禁止，坚决依法取缔。对于开展相关非法金融活动构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
In September 2021, 10 departments, including the Central Bank, issued a circular on further prevention and treatment of the risks associated with virtual currency transactions. The circular makes it clear that virtual currency-related operations are illegal financial activities. The conduct of legal and virtual currency exchange operations, the exchange of virtual currency between virtual currencies, the purchase and sale of virtual currency as a central counterpart, the provision of information intermediaries and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, the financing of currency issuances and transactions involving virtual money derivatives are all strictly prohibited.
通知还提到，参与虚拟货币投资交易活动存在法律风险。任何法人、非法人组织和自然人投资虚拟货币及相关衍生品，违背公序良俗的，相关民事法律行为无效，由此引发的损失由其自行承担。
The circular also states that there is a legal risk of participating in a virtual money investment transaction.
海华永泰律师事务所高级合伙人孙宇昊向《华夏时报》记者表示：“虽然有些人通过购买和出售加密货币获得了巨额利润，但这并不意味着炒币是一项稳定、可靠的投资。许多炒币骗局已经被曝光，投资者必须学会识别它们，以免被欺诈。”
Sun Woo-hoon, a senior partner at Hayward Young-tae's law firm, said to the Washington Times: “Although some people have made huge profits by buying and selling encrypted currency, this does not mean that the currency is a stable and reliable investment. Many of the currency scams have been exposed, and investors must learn to identify them so that they are not deceived.”
孙宇昊表示，在我国现行法律体制下，虚拟货币及相关衍生品投资人的投资行为一旦被认定违反“公序良俗”，则其投资行为属无效民事行为，将无法得到司法救济，损失自负。非但如此，投资人的行为很有可能被认定属于“破坏金融秩序、危害金融安全”的违法行为，这就不仅仅是行为无效损失自负的问题了，还要承担公法责任即被行政处罚甚至被刑事制裁。
Sun Woo-hoon states that, under our current legal system, the investment of virtual money and related derivatives investors, once they are found to be in violation of “good public order”, is an ineffective civil act, without access to justice and without accountability. Moreover, it is highly likely that the actions of the investors will be regarded as an offence “in violation of the financial order and endangering financial security.” This is not merely a matter of self-inflicitance, but of public liability, i.e. administrative and even criminal sanctions.
北京市京师律师事务所合伙人律师卢鼎亮也向《华夏时报》记者表示，我国对比特币等虚拟货币交易炒作活动都保持着高度警惕和不断加强监管的态势。
Lu Qing Qing, a partner in Beijing's Kyoto law firm, also indicated to the Washington Times that our virtual currency transactions, such as the Bitcoin, are well-attended and increasingly regulated.
卢鼎亮表示，在市场方面，进入交易市场的虚拟货币规模有限，极易被少数机构投资者或个人影响和控制。在交易方面，在价格波动较大的情况下，投资者交易风险巨大。在技术方面，虚拟货币交易平台的抗风险能力是否能匹配交易量的迅猛增加、所依靠的区块链等技术是否能经受安全性的考验等，都是虚拟货币交易市场所面临的突出问题。在合规方面，由于虚拟货币具有高度匿名性、去中心化发行等特点，已经成为洗钱、贩毒、走私、非法集资等违法犯罪活动的载体，交易不但不受法律保护，还触碰法律底线和红线。
In terms of technology, the ability of virtual money-trading platforms to match the rapidly increasing volume of transactions and the security test of relying on such technologies as block chains is an outstanding problem for virtual money-trading markets. In terms of compliance, the highly anonymous nature of virtual currency, decentralized distribution, etc., has become a vehicle for criminal offences such as money-laundering, drug trafficking, smuggling and illegal capital collection.
卢鼎亮强调，投资者需要注意，保持警惕，谨慎投资。虚拟币相关业务属于非法金融活动，任何组织和个人不要参与其中。合法投资，理性投资。选择合法投资渠道，任何陌生人的“内幕消息”都可能是骗子的伎俩，切勿轻信高收益的诱人承诺，避免盲目投资造成损失。
Lu highlighted the need for investors to be vigilant, vigilant, and carefully invest. Virtual currency-related operations are illegal financial activities, with no organizations or individuals involved. Legal investment, rational investment.
责任编辑：徐芸茜 主编：公培佳
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