如果说上个世纪是代表着大规模生产和互联网崛起的时代，那么21世纪可能以创造和扩展“元世界”而闻名。走进“元宇宙”了解其三大属性：三维化时空拓展性、三元化人机容身性、三权化经济增值性，以元宇宙为首的技术创新正在孕育新的万亿级生态蓝图，这些会让我们未来发展拥有无限的可能。所以，追根溯源的去剖析META VERSE未来的发展特性，了解更多完整的产业链技术层次划分与经济板块构建，就有了重大的意义。
If the last century represents an era of large-scale production and the rise of the Internet, the twenty-first century may be well known for creating and expanding the “metaworld.” It is important to go into the meta-cosmos to understand its three main attributes: three-dimensional spatial and temporal expansion, tripodization, triple economic added value, technological innovation led by the meta-cosm is giving rise to a new trillion-class ecological blueprint, which will leave us with unlimited possibilities for future development.
元宇宙已经被视为是互联网的下一次革命，它是拓展人类生存边界，与物理世界平行的虚拟世界。在现实世界中，经济体系是能够保证有效组织和分配生产要素及资源的基础。元宇宙作为现实世界的映射，构建虚拟的经济体系是实现元宇宙架构的关键环节。虚拟经济不仅可以让参与者在虚拟世界中交换数字资产，也能够激励更多参与者在元宇宙中输出内容以获得等价的报酬。
In the real world, the economic system is the basis for ensuring the effective organization and distribution of the factors of production and resources. As a map of the real world, the construction of a virtual economic system is a key link in the architecture of the metacosystem.
在虚拟世界中，对于个人的数字资产如何赋予“唯一性”，又如何定义“所属权”成为了有待商议的问题。显然，已被大众熟知的数字货币无法解决这个问题。数字货币与现实货币一样具有极强的可替代性和可互换性。例如一张100元人民币可以替换掉另一张100元人民币。同样，一个比特币也可以兑换另一个比特币。这种特性决定了数字货币无法拥有唯一性。而“NFT”的出现解决了这一问题。
In the virtual world, the question of how digital assets of individuals are given “simpleness” and how to define “ownership” is a matter for negotiation. Clearly, digital money, which is well known to the public, cannot be solved.
NFT的概念
“NFT”和数字货币的概念很容易被混淆，它们都是建立在区块链技术上的，但是NFT并不是数字货币。由于NFT是唯一的，不可替代的，因此它不具备数字货币可互换的特性。下图对比了NFT、加密货币及央行数字货币。
The concept of “NFT” and digital currency can easily be confused, based on block-chain technology, but NFT is not a digital currency. Since NFT is the only, irreplaceable, it has no interchangeable character.
非同质化代币(NFT, Non-Fungible Token)是一种与数字资产相关联的权证，而加密货币和央行数字货币都属于数字货币，这三者的核心区别在于可替代性。可替代意味着对象可以使用相等的另一个对象来替换，但是1个NFT会随着它所关联的数字资产的价值变化而变化。购买数字货币更像是依据汇率兑换不同国家的货币，而购买NFT则更像是购买有专属序列号的手机。这三者都是基于区块链技术，区块链不仅可以防止伪造，而且方便追溯。不同的是，NFT和加密货币是完全去中心化的，且他们的价值几乎完全由市场决定，波动性较大。而央行数字货币则受政府监管，因此价值也相对较稳定。目前，中国是世界上第一个正式发布法定数字货币的国家。
The core difference between non-consistency in currencies (NFT, Non-Fungible Token) is that they are digital assets-linked titles, and both encrypted and central bank digital currencies are digital currencies, which are alternative. Substitution means that the target can be replaced by an equivalent object, but one NFT will change as the value of the digital assets to which it relates changes. The purchase of digital currencies is more like exchange rate-based conversions to different countries’ currencies, while the purchase of NFTs is more like the purchase of mobile phones with exclusive serial numbers.
NFT市场
在过去一年，元宇宙概念的普及和人们对元宇宙极大的关注度促进了NFT市场的急剧增长。Bored Apes、Crypto Punks、Azuki、Clone X和Doodles等项目吸引了越来越多数字收藏家的注意。短短一年的时间，NFT市场实现了超过20，000%的增长率和约170亿美元的销售额。
In the past year, the popularization of the meta-cosmology concept and the great interest in the meta-cosm contributed to the dramatic growth of the NFT market. Projects such as Bored Apes, Crypto Punks, Azuki, Clone X, and Doodles attracted the attention of a growing number of digital collectors.
目前市场上的NFT可以分为六大类，分别是游戏NFT、元宇宙NFT、艺术NFT、DeFi NFT、收藏品NFT以及实用型NFT。其中实用型NFT包括用于进入特定区域的许可证及可以在社交网络中使用的表情包、头像及个人身份等。下图展示了2021年各类别NFT的交易情况。
The current NFT on the market can be divided into six main categories, namely, the game NFT, the meta-cosmos NFT, the arts NFT, the DeFi NFT, the collection NFT, and the functional NFT. The practical NFT consists of a licence to enter a given area and a caption package, head image, and personal identity that can be used in social networks.
NFT交易过程
NFT trading process
NFT是如何交易的呢？本质上，交易的过程由两个角色组成：NFT创作者或所有者和NFT购买者。NFT所有者将作品中的原始数据数字化为正确的格式，并发送到NFT智能合约上。智能合约处理数据后，将其作为交易放在区块链上。当交易请求发出，交易就会被广播到P2P网络的节点上。节点网络使用已知的算法验证交易数据，一旦数据得到确认，NFT将和唯一的哈希值链接并产生一个新的区块。随后，新的区块会被加入到已有的区块链中，被永久地记录且不可更改，购买者就可以获得他们喜欢的数字资产。
In essence, the transaction process consists of two actors: NFT creators or owners and NFT purchasers. NFT owners turn the original data in the work digitally into the correct format and send it to NFT smart contracts. After an intelligent contract is processed, it is placed on the block chain as a transaction. When a transaction request is made, the transaction is broadcast on the P2P network. The node network uses known algorithms to validate the transaction data, and once the data is confirmed, the NFT will link to the only Hashi value and produce a new block. The new block will then be added to the existing block chain, permanently recorded and unalterable, and the purchaser will acquire the digital assets they like.
虽然，NFT交易市场如火如荼，但对NFT的批评和争议也一直存在。NFT的出现，让包括美术、音乐、视频、书籍以及新闻或博客文章全部数字化，这混淆了所有权、版权和知识产权，对于这些和NFT绑定的数字化创作内容的各类权属的界定规则还没有明确。尽管如此，NFT还是为不同类型的数字内容的所有者或创作者提供了一种在虚拟世界出售交易其创作内容的有效方法。
While NFT trading markets are rife, criticism and controversy about NFTs persist. The emergence of NFTs, which digitizes all articles, including fine arts, music, videos, books, and news or blog articles, confuses ownership, copyright, and intellectual property rights, and the rules for defining the types of tenure of these and NFT-linked digital creations are not yet clear.
NFT市场空前火爆的现象也让不少人怀疑这是否又是一场资本的“炒作”。人们惊叹于那些看得到摸不着的虚拟数字藏品的价格，有不少人认为如今的NFT市场呈现的不过是充满了泡沫的虚假繁荣。然而，在技术领域，NFT的出现是划时代的。其唯一性和不可替换不可分割的特点暂时解决了数字化作品极易被复制的问题，且NFT的整个交易过程实际上包含了诸多技术。它的实现基于的底层技术是区块链技术以及智能合约。
The unprecedented boom in NFT markets has also led many to wonder whether it is yet another capital “false.” It is surprising to see the price of virtual digital collections that are untraceable, and many to think that NFT markets today present nothing more than a false boom of bubbles. However, in technology, the emergence of NFT is a landmark. Its unique and irreplaceable feature temporarily solves the problem of digital production that is highly replicable, and the entire NFT transaction process actually contains many technologies. The underlying technologies are block-chain technology and smart contracts.
成生辉博士在他所著的《元宇宙：概念、技术及生态》（ISBN：978-111-70354-9）一书中提到：一个完整的元宇宙世界，需要有强大的技术支持，才可以保证元宇宙世界不仅仅是一个存在于小说和电影中的概念。本书着重于介绍可以让元宇宙概念落地的技术集群，所涉包括区块链技术、交互技术、数字孪生、人工智能技术、物联网技术、5G网络技术、云计算和边缘计算技术等。除技术层面外，安全保障是元宇宙世界顺利安全运行的关键，本书将从信息安全及制度保障两方面来阐述元宇宙中可能遇到的问题及规则层面上的解决办法。书中所阐述，绝非只是单纯的技术发展，而是未来一次巨大的社会变革；是将整体推进人类科技文明的进程；是当下经济化时代超越互联网，带动全球产业链发展的大趋势。
Dr. Cheng, in his book The Meta-Cosmos: Concepts, Technology and Ecology (ISBN: 978-111-70354-9), mentioned that a complete meta-cosmos world requires strong technical support to ensure that the meta-cosm world is not just a concept that exists in novels and films. The book focuses on a cluster of technologies that can bring the meta-cosm concept to the ground, including block-chain technology, interactive technology, digital combs, artificial intelligence technology, object-network technology, 5G network technology, cloud computing and peripheral computing technology. In addition to the technical dimension, safety and security is the key to the smooth and safe functioning of the meta-cosm world, and the book will address the problems and rule-level solutions that may be encountered in the meta-cosm, both in terms of information security and institutional security.
这本书抛开了金融市场上对NFT的各种分析讨论，从技术角度剖析了NFT对实现元宇宙世界的重要意义。当大家专注于探讨元宇宙是投资界的下一个风口还是资本“割韭菜“的新手段时，试着从技术的角度来了解这个未来可能改变所有人生活的数字世界，或许更能看清元宇宙对我们的意义，而《元宇宙：概念、技术及生态》（ISBN：978-111-70354-9）或许可以帮助你打开思路，另辟蹊径去了解元宇宙的全貌。
The book leaves aside the various analytical discussions on NFT in financial markets, and provides a technical analysis of the importance of NFT to the realization of a meta-cosmos world. When you focus on whether the meta-cosmos is the next tip of the investment world or the new means of capital, "Cutting vegetables," try to understand from a technical point of view the digital world that may change the lives of all people in the future, perhaps more clearly what the meta-cosmos means to us, and ISBN: Concepts, Technology, and Ecology (ISBN: 978-11-70354-9) may help you open your mind and find a different way to understand the whole of the meta-cosm.
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