文/恒天软件 周海明
10月24日，国家主席习近平在中央政治局第十八次集体学习时强调“把区块链作为核心技术自主创新重要突破口，加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展”，将区块链的发展要求提到了新的高度。区块链技术的应用，将促进数据共享、优化业务流程、降低运营成本、提升协同效率、建设可信体系等方面的快速发展。
& nbsp; & nbsp; On 24 October, President Xi Jinping, during his 18th collective study at the Central Political Bureau, emphasized “the importance of the block chain as an important entry point for core technological autonomy and accelerated technological and industrial innovation development” and referred the development requirements of the block chain to new heights. The application of block chain technology will facilitate rapid developments in data sharing, optimize business processes, reduce operating costs, enhance synergies, and build credible systems.
什么是区块链？
What's a block chain?
区块链技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式。简单来讲，在区块链系统中，每过一段时间，各参与主体产生的交易数据会被打包成一个数据区块，数据区块按照时间顺序依次排列，形成数据区块的链条，各参与主体拥有同样的数据链条，且无法单方面篡改，只能添加新的信息，无法删除或修改旧的信息，确保各主体身份和主体间交易信息的不可篡改、公开透明。
& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; block chain technology is a completely new distribution base structure and computational paradigm that uses block-chain data structures to validate and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to secure data transmission and access, uses smart contracts made up of automated script codes to program and operate data. In simple terms, in block-chain systems, transaction data generated by each participating subject is packaged into a data block in chronological order, forming a data block chain in which each participating subject has the same data chain and cannot be tampered with unilaterally, adding only new information, unable to delete or modify old information, and ensuring that information generated by each subject's identity and transaction between the subjects is not tampered with, open and transparent.
区块链应用场景分析
通过对比分析、研究国内外各领域的典型应用案例及相关参考文献，我们总结出并推荐具有以下特点的应用场景或问题，应积极考虑尝试区块链技术：
& nbsp; & nbsp; Through comparative analysis, study of typical applications in various fields, both domestic and foreign, and related references, we summarize and recommend applications or issues with the following characteristics, and active consideration should be given to pilot block chain technology:
1) 业务开展需要进行跨主体协作
1) & nbsp; Operations require cross-subject collaboration
在业务参与方之间相对独立平等的跨主体业务协作的场景下，利用区块链的共有数据、防篡改、分布式和数字化合约的特点，能够把一些以往需要在业务层面协调解决的问题，放到技术层面来解决，使得问题的解决过程更高效、灵活以及更具客观性。
& nbsp; & nbsp; In the context of cross-subject business collaboration among business participants, which is relatively equal, using the characteristics of a block chain of shared data, anti-false, distributed and digitized contracts, a number of issues that previously needed to be coordinated at the operational level can be addressed at the technical level, making the process more efficient, flexible and objective.
2) 业务开展需要参与方之间建立低成本信任
2) Operations require low-cost confidence-building among participants
大多数业务开展都需要建立一定的信任基础，尤其是跨主体的场景下。对信任建立困难、信任维护成本高的应用场景，区块链可以提供非常有效帮助。从三个方面可以帮助建立低成本信任：数据可信、合约履行和历史可证明。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Most operations need to build a certain trust base, especially in a cross-subject setting. The block chain can be very effective in a context of trust-building difficulties and high maintenance costs. There are three ways to help build low-cost trust: data credibility, contract performance, and history.
3) 业务过程存在长交易、 长周期链条
3) Long transactional, long-cycle chain of business processes
业务在多主体间流转时，难以确定间接主体的真实性和有效性，同时由于多主体间的业务隔离，难以延伸出多级业务。区块链从技术上保证整个长交易、长周期链条的各参与主体身份真实，数据可信，实现信用的多级传递，促进业务链条扁平化，提升业务效率。
& nbsp; & nbsp; When operations flow across multiple subjects, it is difficult to determine the authenticity and validity of indirect subjects, and it is difficult to extend multi-level operations because of the multi-subject segregation of operations. Block chains technically guarantee the true identity of the participating subjects of the entire long-trading, long-cycle chain, reliable data, multi-level transmission of credit, promotion of the flatening of the business chain, and improvement of operational efficiency.
区块链典型应用场景
A typical application of the block chain at
区块链作为一个技术可以运用到很多行业，在下列场景中有较大应用前景：
& nbsp; & nbsp; Block chains can be used as a technology in many industries with larger applications prospects in the following scenarios:
银行业：银行是一个安全的存储仓库和价值的交换中心，而区块链作为一种数字化的、安全的以及防篡改的总账账簿可以达到相同的功效。
& nbsp; Banking: Banks are a secure repository and a clearing house for values, and block chains can be equally effective as a digital, secure and tamper-proof general ledger.
交易和跨境支付：区块链可能绕开笨重的转账系统，创建一个更直接的支付流，它可在国内或跨国界，并且无需中介，以超低费率几乎瞬时速度的方式支付。
& nbsp; Transactions and Cross-Border Payments: Block chains may bypass cumbersome transfer systems, create a more direct flow of payments that can be paid domestically or across borders, without the need for intermediaries, at almost instantaneous speeds at ultra-low rates.
供应链金融：基于区块链的供应链金融和贸易金融是基于分布式网络改造现有的大规模协作流程的典型。区块链可以缓解信息不对称的问题，十分适合供应链金融的发展。
Supply chain finance: Supply chain-based finance and trade finance are typical of existing large-scale collaborative processes based on distributed networks. Block chains can mitigate information asymmetries and are well suited to supply chain finance development.
医疗：区块链技术可以让医院、患者和医疗利益链上的各方在区块链网络里共享数据，而不必担忧数据的安全性和完整性。
Medical: Block chain technology allows hospitals, patients and parties in the medical interest chain to share data in the block chain network without worrying about the security and integrity of the data.
政务：政务信息、项目招标等信息公开透明，政府工作通常受公众关注和监督，由于区块链技术能够保证信息的透明性和不可更改性，对政府透明化管理的落实有很大的作用。
Government: The transparency of information, such as government information, project tenders, etc., and the public interest and oversight of government work are often important for the implementation of transparent government management, given that block chain technology ensures transparency and non-changeability of information.
网新恒天区块链研究与产品
Network new constant block chain research and products
网新恒天拥有多年的区块链研究和项目实践经验，同时也积极研发企业级区块链运维系统，使我们能够为客户快速搭建区块链网络，开发区块链应用系统。
& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; New Day of the Network has many years of block chain research and project practice experience, while also actively developing an enterprise-level block chain support system that allows us to quickly build block chain networks for clients and develop block chain application systems.
目前恒天研发的区块链应用开发框架及运维系统，可以支持国密算法、智能合约快速开发、区块链网络自动化部署、实时监控、自动告警等功能。客户可以根据自己的需求选择不同版本的：
& nbsp; & nbsp; The Block Chain Application Development Framework and the Carrier System, currently under constant development, supports state secret algorithms, smart contract rapid development, block chain network automation deployment, real-time monitoring, automatic alerting, etc.
图 - 区块链浏览器
图 - 区块链运维管理系统
区块链未来发展
区块链现在仍然尚未成熟，但在接下来 3-5 年内将趋向成熟。 参考云计算的商业化轨迹，区块链市场将在成熟过程中逐步整合，最终胜出的只有几个大的底层平台。 最终的平台很可能:
& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; block chains are still immature, but will tend to mature in the next 3-5 years. The commercialization trajectory, based on cloud calculations, will gradually integrate the block chain market as it matures, eventually winning only a few large bottom platforms. The ultimate platform is likely to be:
拥有开放的架构
& nbsp; have open structures
混合式/支持跨链
Mixed/support across chains
适配不同的共识算法和业务形态
Fits to different consensus algorithms and business patterns
高度可扩展、与企业级开发技术和过程高度融合
Highly scalable, highly integrated with enterprise-level development technologies and processes
总体来说区块链的发展中还存在很多未曾改变但不断调整的规则，如果未来这些规则发展完善，一定会出现区块链的大规模应用，甚至出现颠覆性的应用，毕竟区块链应用每一个实现都有可能是行业突破机会。让我们一同期待区块链彻底成熟的那一天。
& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; overall, there are many unchanged but constantly adjusted rules in the development of the block chain. If these rules are developed in the future, there will be large-scale applications of the block chain and even subversive applications, after all, each of which may be an opportunity for industry breakthroughs. Let us look forward together to the day when the block chain is fully matured.
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