区块链是分布式的对等网络，可以有许多不同的应用程序。比特币是所有区块链技术的母体，它充当金融网络，账本，软件，货币和资产。我们正在处理可同时整合多种功能的新技术，这就是监管机构难以定义加密货币的原因。区块链可以很好地定制以满足各种需求，并且有几个主要的区块链技术功能，其中很多都具有相同的功能。
Block chains are distributed peer-to-peer networks, with many different applications. Bitcoin is the parent of all block chain technologies that act as financial networks, books, software, money and assets. We are dealing with new technologies that can integrate multiple functions simultaneously, which is why it is difficult for regulators to define encrypted currencies. Block chains can be well customized to meet a variety of needs, and there are several major block chain technical functions, many of which have the same functionality.
1.增加容量
1. Increasing capacity
P2P技术的一个显着特点是它们可以提高整个网络的容量。拥有数千台电脑作为一个整体可以比一些中央服务器拥有更大的能力。
A distinctive feature of P2P technology is that they can increase the capacity of the network as a whole. With thousands of computers as a whole, they can have greater capacity than some central servers.
Foldingcoin是通过使用多台计算机来提高网络容量的完美例子。该项目始于斯坦福大学，创建了一个分布式超级计算机，用于模拟医学研究中的蛋白质折叠。蛋白质折叠需要几微秒，这比普通计算机的处理能力要快。通常情况下，蛋白质折叠模拟器需要构建一个价值数百万美元的超级计算机，但Foldingcoin项目设法通过使用分布式网络以便宜的价格构建它。
The project began at Stanford University with the creation of a distributed supercomputer to simulate protein folding in medical research. Protein folding takes a few microseconds, which is faster than normal computer processing. Usually, a protein folding simulator needs to build a multimillion dollar supercomputer, but the Foldingcoin project seeks to construct it at a cheap price by using distributed networks.
2.更安全
2. Safer
区块链往往具有更好的安全性，因为关闭网络没有单点故障。即使是我们最高的金融体系也容易受到黑客的攻击。另一方面，比特币从未被黑客入侵。如果没有安全地存储私钥，确保可以破解它们，但是网络本身仍然是完全安全的。
On the other hand, Bitcoin has never been hacked. Without secure storage of private keys, ensuring that they can be broken, the network itself remains completely secure.
区块链由许多运行节点并确认网络交易的计算机进行保护。公共区块链使用他们自己的货币作为激励机制来奖励矿工确保账本上的交易。
Block chains are protected by many running nodes and computers that confirm network transactions.
3.不变性
3. Non-transform
创建不可变分类账是区块链的主要价值主张之一。任何集中的数据库都可能被破坏，并且通常需要信任第三方来保证信息的准确性。像比特币这样的区块链让分类账处于持续的前进态势，因为价值数百万美元的散列能力证实了新记录的交易。要改变比特币分类帐的历史，需要控制至少51%的散列能力。同样，越靠后的人试图登上分类账，攻击就越昂贵。另外，分类账可以用硬分叉来改变，但这需要开发商，矿工，节点运营商，交易所和个人用户达成共识。从以太坊与以太坊经典之间的分裂中可以看出，老账本仍然保持完好的可能性很高。
The creation of an immutable ledger is one of the main value propositions of the block chain. Any centralized database could be destroyed, and third parties usually need to be trusted to ensure the accuracy of the information. Block chains such as Bitcoin keep the ledger on the move, as the millions-dollar hash capacity confirms the newly recorded transactions. To change the history of the bitcoin ledger, at least 51% of the hash capacity needs to be controlled.
4.更快的结算
4. Faster settlement
传统的国际银行业务可能会非常缓慢，而结算时间往往需要数天时间才能完成。这是大多数金融机构希望升级系统的主要原因。区块链通常可以以近乎即时的速度结算汇款。这可以为整个金融业节省时间和金钱。
Traditional international banking can be very slow, and settlement times often take several days to complete. This is the main reason why most financial institutions want to upgrade the system. Block chains can usually settle remittances at near-immediate speed.
下一阶段：分散式系统
next stage: decentralized system
区块链技术正被视为分散网络的强大技术。这项技术已经证明了自己的实力，并有可能为银行和金融等现有行业带来巨大变革。由于这项技术奠定了这些领域的基础，个人可以直接控制自己的资产，那么他们就不需要中间现有的第三方，这在收取交易费用方面收取巨额费用。个人可以直接沉迷于交易，收取最低的费用。这导致银行为即将到来的危机做好准备，他们已经开始致力于开发服务。
Block chain technology is being seen as a powerful technology for decentralized networks. This technology has proven its strength and has the potential to bring about significant changes in existing industries, such as banking and finance.
接下来，我们试图分析分散化的各种原因：
Next, we try to analyse the various causes of decentralization: .
(a)授权用户：分权系统允许用户控制他们的所有信息和交易。
(a) Authorized users: decentralized systems allow users to control all their information and transactions.
(b)容错：分散式系统不太可能意外失败，因为它们依赖于许多不太可能的独立组件。
(b) Error: Decentralized systems are unlikely to fail unexpectedly, as they rely on many of the unlikely stand-alone components.
(c)耐久性和攻击阻力：由于区块链没有中心控制点，并且能够更好地抵御恶意攻击，所以分散式系统的攻击和破坏或操纵成本更高。
(c) Persistence and resistance to attack: as the block chain does not have a central control point and is better able to withstand malicious attacks, the cost of attack and sabotage or manipulation of decentralized systems is higher.
(d)免于诈骗：分散系统的用户通过对其他用户造成损害而使他们受益的方式难得多。
(d) Freedom from fraud: it is much more difficult for users of decentralized systems to benefit other users by causing harm to them.
(e)消除第三方风险：该技术使用户能够在没有第三方介入的情况下进行交换，从而消除风险。
(e) Elimination of third-party risk: the technology allows users to exchange without third-party intervention, thereby eliminating risk.
(f)更高的交易率：区块链交易可以将交易时间缩短到几分钟，并且与通过需要更长时间处理的银行的现有交易方式相比，它们可以随时进行处理。
(f) Higher transaction rates: block chain transactions can reduce the transaction time to a few minutes and they can be processed at any time compared with the current mode of transactions through banks that require longer periods of time.
(g)降低交易成本：通过消除用于交换资产的第三方中介和管理费用，区块链有可能大大降低交易费用
(g) Reduction of transaction costs: by eliminating third-party intermediaries and management costs used to exchange assets, block chains have the potential to significantly reduce transaction costs
(h)透明度：公共区块链的变化可以被创建透明度的所有各方公开查看，所有交易都是不可变的，这意味着它们不能被更改或删除。
(h) Transparency: Changes in the public block chain can be viewed openly by all parties that create transparency, and all transactions are immutable, meaning that they cannot be altered or deleted.
(i)真实性：由于分散系统，区块链数据是完整的，一致的，及时的，准确的和广泛可用的。
(i) Trueness: As a result of the decentralized system, block chain data are complete, consistent, timely, accurate and widely available.
互联网通过分散信息的获取和流动来改变我们的生活。下一阶段现在已经开始。区块链技术引发了范式转变，可以真正影响行业并使流程更加民主，安全，透明和高效。区块链技术对我们社会和企业的潜在影响是深远的。
The Internet transforms our lives by decentralizing access to and flow of information. The next phase is now under way. Block chain technology triggers a paradigm shift that can really affect industries and make processes more democratic, secure, transparent and efficient. Block chain technology has far-reaching potential impacts on our societies and businesses.
这项技术有助于记录每笔交易并在整个网络上共享。网络中的每个用户都可以验证交易，并拥有相同的分类帐副本，可以将加密交易添加到该副本中。对分类帐的任何更改都会在几分钟内反映到所有副本中，或者在某些情况下会以秒为单位显示。通过使用“密钥”和签名，资产的安全性和准确性是密码保存的，并由参与者控制。最终结果是一种高效且安全的交易执行方法，它可以作为在线分类账保存无法更改的交易记录。
This technology helps to record every transaction and shares it across the network. Each user in the network can verify the transaction and has the same copy of the ledger that can be added to the copy. Any changes to the ledger will be reflected in all copies in a few minutes or, in some cases, in seconds. By using the key and signature, the security and accuracy of the asset is preserved by a password and controlled by the participants. The end result is an efficient and secure transaction execution method that allows the record of the transaction to be kept as an online ledger that cannot be changed.
哈希 - 提供真实性：
- -- provides authenticity:
有很多情况下数据和文件的真实性非常重要。许多组织都有非常敏感的文件，资产或需要保护的合同。当存储数据，文件或文档时，会为每个文件创建一个散列。散列就像通过算法的指纹一样，将数据转换为固定长度的输出，这对于每一笔交易都是唯一的。
In many cases, the authenticity of data and documents is very important. Many organizations have very sensitive documents, assets, or contracts that need to be protected. When you store data, files, or files, you create a hash for each file. The hash is the only one that converts data to a fixed length of output, as is the case with algorithmic fingerprints.
每个块可以分为两部分，即头部和交易部分。标题包括前一个块的散列，并且它引用了之前构建的散列。它还存储当前交易的散列，这意味着在添加时连接下一个块。区块链分配并添加新的块进行更新。因此，如果任何区块链副本受到损害，其他位置可以继续保持该位置。这使得区块链不可变。通过比较数据的散列，可以验证数据的真实性，这有助于实现可独立验证的系统。
Each block can be divided into two parts, the head and the transaction. The title includes the hash of the previous block, and it refers to the hash that was previously constructed. It also stores the hash of the current transaction, which means connecting the next block when added. The block chain is distributed and new blocks are added for updating. Therefore, if any copy of the block chain is compromised, other locations can remain in that position. This makes the block chain inflexible. By comparing the hash of the data, the authenticity of the data can be verified, which helps to achieve independently verifiable systems.
结论：
除了加密货币之外，该技术还可通过提供透明系统证明自己对其他领域的最大兴趣，从而降低交易成本，降低与第三方进行交易的风险，并缩短处理时间。随着技术在不同领域逐渐接近大众接受度，每个人都开始认识到其潜力。
In addition to encrypting currency, the technology can also reduce transaction costs, reduce the risk of dealing with third parties, and reduce processing time by providing transparent systems to prove their greatest interest in other areas. As technology moves closer to popular acceptance in different areas, everyone is beginning to realize its potential.
区块链推动了许多领域的重要和颠覆性趋势。随着采用率的增长，我们看到各种中介机构数量的减少，系统分散化，从而变得更加安全，活跃和透明。
Block chains drive important and subversive trends in many areas. As the rate of adoption increases, we see a reduction in the number of intermediaries and fragmentation of systems, making them safer, more active and more transparent.
（来源：IT168)
(Source: IT168)
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