比特币（BTC）是一种基于点对点网络运作的，采用 PoW 共识机制的数字资产。比特币不依赖任何中心化的机构做信用背书，而是通过区块链技术及加密算法，全网维护一个共同的账本，以此达到无需信任的目的。每笔比特币转账记录都会被全网矿工记录，每笔交易的有效性都要经过区块认证。
Bitcoin is a digital asset based on a point-to-point network that uses the PoW Consensus mechanism. Bitcoin does not rely on any centralised institution for credit endorsement, but rather maintains a common account book through block chain technology and encryption algorithms, thereby achieving untrustworthy ends.
2008 年 10 月 31 日，中本聪发表比特币白皮书《Bitcoin：A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System》 。2009 年 1 月 3 日首个比特币区块诞生。了解更多
On October 31, 2008, China has published the Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. The first Bitcoin block was born on January 3, 2009.
比特币钱包可以帮助管理你的 BTC 资产，包括余额查询、转账等。钱包中最重要的是钱包私钥，因为掌握了私钥，就可以控制私钥对应的比特币钱包地址里的 BTC 资产。
Bitcoin wallets help to manage your BTC assets, including balance inquiries, transfers, etc. The most important thing in wallets is the private key, because you have the private key to control the BTC assets in your private key matching the BTC wallet address.
为了保护用户的隐私，比特币分为主地址和子地址。同时，比特币地址分为两种类型，隔离见证地址和普通地址。
In order to protect the privacy of the user, Bitcoin is divided into principal and sub-sites.
钱包
● 移动端钱包 imToken - 为全球千万用户提供数字资产管理服务
* - digital asset management services for tens of millions of users worldwide
● 硬件钱包 imKey - 安全好用，从此告别数字资产被盗
* - safe and secure, so say goodbye to the theft of digital assets
创建钱包之前，请学习如何备份钱包
bitcoin's private key, address and wallet
● 什么是明文私钥？
• What are the explicit private keys?
我们常说，你对钱包中资金的控制取决于相应私钥的所有权和控制权。在区块链交易中, 私钥用于生成支付货币所必须的签名，以证明资金的所有权。私钥必须始终保持机密，因为一旦泄露给第三方，相当于该私钥保护下的资产也拱手相让了。
We often say that your control over the money in your wallet depends on the ownership and control of the corresponding private key. In block chain transactions, the private key is used to generate the signature necessary to pay the currency to prove the ownership of the money. The private key must always remain confidential, because once leaked to a third party, assets equivalent to those protected by the private key are surrendered.
私钥实际上并不是存储在网络中，而是由用户生成并存储在一个文件或者简单的数据库中，称为钱包。存储在用户钱包中的私钥完全独立，可由用户的钱包软件生成并管理，无需区块链或者网络连接。
The private key is not actually stored in the network, but is generated and stored by the user in a file or a simple database, called a wallet. The private key stored in the user’s wallet is completely independent and can be generated and managed by the user’s wallet software without a block chain or network connection.
私钥的样式为 64 位 16 进制的哈希值字符串, 例如:
The style of the private key is 64-bit 16-digit HS string, e. g.:
56f759ece75f0ab1b783893cbe390288978d4d4ff24dd233245b4285fcc31cf6
PS: 用户可以使用明文私钥导入 imToken 来修改对应钱包的密码。
PS: The user can use the explicit private key to import imToken to change the password for the corresponding wallet.
● 什么是助记词？
● 如何备份钱包？
进行比特币转账时，要保证你的比特币钱包资产充足，并且余额足以支付转账所需的矿工费。
When making a Bitcoin transfer, you shall be assured that your Bitcoin wallet has sufficient assets and that the balance is sufficient to cover the cost of the miners involved in the transfer.
比特币转账机制
● 比特币 UTXO 原理
• Bitcoin UTXO Principles
刚刚看了下比特币的官方文档，终于摸清了点门道。说白了，UTXO就是一个数据结构，包含交易数据和执行脚本(Pubkey scripts)。如下图所示:
Just looked at the official documents of Bitcoin and finally figured out a few ways to do it. For the record, UTXO is a data structure with transactional data and execution scripts (Pubkey Scripts).
中间标蓝的那个"可形象化"意义的UTXO。其中TX 1 Output 的 Public Key Hash就是Bob的Full Public Key的Hash,别忘了比特币的地址是公钥的BASE58编码(双向)。可以把比特币的交易链想象成一个水管的管道网络，把UTXO表示网络中的一个交汇接口，这个接口上有一个阀门(Pubkey Script)，默认是关闭的，水不能从这个接口流向其他管道，而打开这个阀门需要一把钥匙(Bob的private Key)，这样才能打开阀门，让水流向另外的接口(UTXO)。
The & quot; visualization & quot; meaning UTXO. Of these, tX 1 Output's Public Key Hash is Bob's Full Public Key, and forget that Bitcoin's address is a public key BASE58 code (two-way). Bitcoin's trading chain can be conceived as a pipe network, and UTXO represents a interface in the network with a valve (Pubkey Script), which is supposed to be closed and water cannot flow from this interface to other pipelines, and opening the valve requires a key (Bob's private Key) in order to open the valve and allow the water to flow to another interface (UTXO).
假设以下情形，Bob有2个跟他比特币地址对应(属于他)的UTXO(Ua和Ub),其中Ua有2个比特币，Ub有3个比特币。如果Bob想要发送给David发送4个比特币怎么办? 比特币系统中是可以同时打开多个UTXO,把Ua和Ub都激活发给David比特币。那么剩下的1个比特币去哪了呢? 同时比特币系统中会生成一个UTXO给付费的人(就是自己)，里面对应的比特币数量就是这次交易的余额。其实现实中比特币的最小交易单位是satoshis(很小的一个单位)。
Assuming that Bob has two UTXOs (Ua and Ub) corresponding to his Bitcoin address (which belongs to him), Ua has two bitcoins and Ub has three bitcoins. What if Bob wants to send David four bitcoins?
那么UTXO中的Pubkey Script是如何被打开激活的呢?
How did the UTXO Pubkey Script get turned on and activated?
其实Pubkey Script就是一种简单的基于栈的脚本语言（很多人都以为比特币不像以太坊那样带有脚本语言），每个比特币客户端都有一个虚拟机来执行Pubkey Script，想象一下java的虚拟机jvm只是一个基于堆栈带gc的虚拟机^-^(多了个堆和gc)。而比特币系统的脚本语言也非常简单。如下是一条标准的脚本。
In fact, Pubkey Script is a simple store-based script language (many think Bitcoin doesn't have script language like Taicha), and every bitcoin client has a virtual machine to execute Pubkey Script, and imagine that Java's virtual machine jvm is just a virtual machine based on stacking tape gc-. And the bitcoin script language is very simple. The following is a standard script.
比特币转账会遇到以下情况
The difference between block chain transfers and bank transfers
● 转错地址怎么办？
• What about the wrong address?
转账成功后，币已经到了收款地址，imToken 无法帮你撤销。如果你转账时不小心填写了错误的收款地址，建议你和对方联系，并协商转回。
After the transfer has been successful, the currency has reached the collection address, which ImToken cannot cancel.
温馨提示：
Nice tip:
如果你填错的地址是你从交易所、其他软件中复制的，请直接联系交易所客服、其他软件的客服进行申诉。
If you fill in the wrong address, you copy it from the exchange and other software, please contact the exchange and other software services directly to file a complaint.
以太坊钱包地址不区分大小写，只要字母是正确的就没有问题。
It is not a case-by-case case in the Taiyu wallet address, as long as the letter is correct.
● 如何设置矿工费？
● 比特币转账加速
• Accelerating Bitcoin transfers
中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto），自称日裔美国人，在 2008 年发布比特币白皮书《比特币：一种点对点式的电子现金系统》，2009 年他挖出了比特币的创世区块， 2011 年就消失在公众视野里，至今再也没有现身，他的真实身份一直是个谜。了解更多
Satoshi Nakamoto, a Japanese-American, published the Bitcoin White Paper, Bitcoin: A Point-to-Point Electronic Cash System in 2008. In 2009, he dug up Bitcoin’s creation block, disappeared into public view in 2011 and never showed up again. His true identity remains a mystery.
比特币区块浏览器是一个查询比特币区块、交易、钱包地址等信息的网站，实时同步更新 BTC 所有节点信息。
The Bitcoin block browser is a web site for information on bitcoin blocks, transactions, wallet addresses, etc., which updates all BTC node information in real time.
● Blockchain.com | 最常用的比特币区块浏览器
* Blockchai.com the most commonly used bitcoin block browser
* BTC.combitcoin block browser
你也许想知道该如何使用：
You might want to know how to use it:
● 巴比特
* Babbitt
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