最後更新：2023-12-21
外匯保證金交易和差價合約都是運用保證金來放大槓桿的買賣方式，它們和期貨交易非常的像，但並沒有實體的商品，主要是「買賣合約」。
The foreign bond transactions of
近期市場先生的一些朋友告訴我他們有在做外匯交易，主要運用的就是這種外匯保證金交易工具，
自己接觸與研究了一下發現這工具使用時要非常注意安全，優勢是可以用低成本的方式作交易，
但也有風險，一旦沒注意就會落入陷阱而虧損。
Some of Mr. Market's friends recently told me that they were doing foreign trades, mainly using the foreign bond trading tool,
, which they approached and studied to be very safe when they found out that the tool was being used, with the advantage that it could be traded in a low-cost way,
, but there was also a risk of falling into a trap if they failed to notice.
本篇文章市場先生介紹外匯保證金交易、差價合約(CFD)是什麼，以及基本知識、注意事項與觀念。
In this post, Mr. Marketplace describes the foreign-transfer bond deal, the difference (CFD) as , and basic knowledge, attention and ideas.
外匯保證金交易（英文：Foreign exchange margin trading,簡稱Forex或FX）意思是指兩種貨幣價值的買賣，涉及外匯的貨幣對交易，例如歐元兌美元（EUR/USD）。
Foreign guarantee trading > (English: Foreign exchange margin trading, short name Forex or FX) currency for /a> https://rich01.com/what-forex-eur-usd/"data-wpel-link="internal" .
差價合約（英文Contract For Difference,簡稱CFD）意思是在不持有實際商品下，用一種合約交易更廣泛的衍伸性金融商品，除了外匯，另外還包含股票、指數、虛擬貨幣等更廣泛的商品。
strong's price margin (CfD) means that a contract deals in a more extensive and extended financial commodity, in addition to a non-transfer, includes stocks, indexes, virtual currency, etc.
< .
為什麼同時要提到這兩種交易工具？
Why do you mention these two trading instruments at the same time?
主要是外匯保證金（Forex）和差價合約（CFD)交易原理非常類似，
由於都是使用保證金機制的槓桿交易，而且部分交易商品有重疊(如：外匯)，
它們所交易的項目是一項「合約」，而不是實體商品的買賣。
Mostly forex and CFID trading principles are very similar,
because of the use of bonds, and also because some of the traded goods overlap (e.g. for foreign transport),
trades a “contract” rather than a sale of real goods.
底下整理出3點外匯保證金和差價合約的共同特性：
The three-point bond and the price difference are the common features of the contract:
相較一般買賣股票、商品或外匯，這類衍生性商品更適合短線頻繁交易而不會損失太多手續費。
These derivatives are more suitable for short-line transactions than for the general purchase and sale of stocks, commodities or external exports, without losing much of their running costs.
這類合約都可以切割到小單位或高槓桿交易，因此資金小也能操作。
但資金小也要小心高槓桿的斷頭風險，尤其新手不建議用高槓桿。
These types of contracts can be cut into small units or high-string transactions, so money can also operate.
But small capital also needs to be carefully read .
差價合約提供了很大的彈性，股票、外匯、商品、ETF、加密貨幣等等金融產品都可以用差價合約方式操作。
The price differentials provide a significant element of resilience, and financial products such as stocks, foreign exports, commodities, ETFs, encrypted currency, etc. can be operated on a price differential basis.
當然別忘了它是零和遊戲，除非你有超過別人的優勢，否則所有人常期平均下來只會損失手續費。
And remember, of course, it's a zero-sum game, unless you outperform someone else's advantage, or everyone gets down here on average and loses overhead.
國際上的外匯交易買賣金額都非常巨大，一單位是100萬美金，主要都是廠商作為生意上支付或是避險使用。
International foreign-transaction sales are very large, in a unit of $1 million, mainly paid by manufacturers as a business transaction or as a hedge.
外匯交易的缺點在於：
The weaknesses of the external transaction are as follows:
1.一般人通常很難負擔這麼高的買賣金額。
1. It is often difficult for a person to afford such a high amount of money.
2.換匯買賣手續費高。透過銀行買賣外幣的現金或用外幣存摺交易，需要負擔銀行牌告買價和賣價之間的差價。
2. The transaction costs are high. The difference between the price of a bank card and the price of a sale is to be borne by a bank that buys or deposits foreign currency in cash or in foreign currency.
因此，就有人發明了一種「合約」，將許多小規模的投資者集中起來，可以不用一次買1單位，而是可以只買0.001單位或更小的單位，讓資金比較小的投資者也能加入市場。
As a result, a “contract” has been invented, bringing together many small investors, who can buy one unit at a time, but only 0.001 units or smaller units, allowing smaller investors to join the market.
這些投資者互相買賣，中間商則事搓合這些交易之餘也提供流動性，扮演類似銀行或券商的角色。
These investors buy and sell to each other, and the rest of these transactions provide fluidity and play a role similar to that of a bank or voucher dealer.
這種交易方式不需要有實際商品，比較像是買方跟賣方在對賭，是有一方獲利勢必有另一方虧損的零和遊戲，跟期貨買賣非常的相似。
This type of transaction does not require real goods, more like a zero-sum game between buyers and sellers, where one side earns profits and loses the other, very similar to futures.
期貨和選擇權都屬於保證金交易，交易過程可以運用財務槓桿，風險也比較高。
Futures and options are collateral transactions, and transactions can run financial poles with higher risks.
市場先生在期貨交易入門的文章也有提到保證金的概念，
可閱讀：什麼是期貨？期貨保證金交易如何進行？
Mr. Market also referred to the concept of bond in his article on entry into futures transactions,
. Readable:
期貨保證金和差價合約的差別在於
The difference between the future guarantee and the price difference is .
- 差價合約沒有到期日，但期貨合約有到期
- 差價合約有利息 (比較像是借貸)，但期貨合約沒有利息
- 差價合約不涉及實物交割，但期貨合約可以實物交割
更詳細的比較可閱讀：差價合約和期貨的成本和規格差異比較
| 外匯保證金 vs. 差價合約 vs.期貨 差異比較 | |||
| 比較項目 | 外匯保證金 | 差價合約 | 期貨 |
| 商品 | 外匯貨幣對 | 股票、外匯、ETF、指數、商品、加密貨幣 |
股票、外匯、ETF、指數、商品、加密貨幣
|
| 交易成本 | 買賣價差 | 買賣價差 |
手續費、交易稅
|
| 保證金 | 有 | 有 | 有 |
| 利息 | 有 | 有 | 無 |
| 實物交割 | 無 | 無 | 有 |
| 到期日 | 無 | 無 | 有 |
| 資料整理：Mr.Market 市場先生 | |||
雖然保證金交易有低交易成本的優勢，但還是有些地方要注意：
While bond transactions have the advantage of low transaction costs, there are still areas where attention should be paid to:
和期貨一樣，如果保證金如果太少且槓桿太大，
遇到市場大波動時很可能就會被強制平倉，也就是俗稱的「斷頭」，也就是強制認賠。
應該避免使用太高的槓桿，以及不要用最低的保證金在作操作，那樣會很危險。
Like futures, if the bond is too small and too large,
may be forced to level a barn when faced with a big wave in the market, which is commonly known as : What happens when the head is broken? href=https://rich01.com/forced-selling-forced-liquidation/" target="_blank'rel="bookmark noreferrer 'data-wpel-link= "internal" , which is a strong argument.
should avoid using too high a pole and not operate with a minimum guarantee, which would be dangerous.
有關強制平倉(斷頭)的介紹，可閱讀：斷頭是什麼？斷頭後會發生什麼事？
An introduction to a mandatory silo can be read: 通常交易時都會告訴你目前的部位是否要支付利息，有的狀況要有的不用。 Usually the transaction tells you whether interest is to be paid for the current part of the transaction or not. 在交易的股權、債權、虛擬貨幣都不是實際擁有。 雖然許多交易商都會強調他們可以提供高槓桿，例如1:400、1:500， Although many traders would argue that they could provide high poles, such as 1:400, 1:500, 除了交易要注意，市場先生認為交易商的選擇也要注意， In addition to the attention given to the transaction, Mr. Market believes that the option of the dealer should also be taken into account, 目前好用且低成本的工具都在國外，但選擇非常多，選擇時有些原則要注意： The tools that are currently useful and low-cost are available outside the country, but there are a lot of options and some principles to be taken into account when choosing: 以下4個是有對交易商進行嚴格監管的政府或民間機構： The following four are government or civil institutions with strict control over traders: 1. 英國金融市場行為監管局(FCA) British Financial Markets Regulatory Authority (FCA) 最好找有超過10年歷史經驗、客戶數量龐大的，且是歐美發跡並全球營運的， It would be better to look for more than 10 years of historical experience, a large number of clients and Euro-American and global operations. 任何交易商一開始都要先了解你需要付出哪些成本， At the outset, any dealer needs to know what costs you have to pay, 市場先生整理出目前幾家全球有規模且安全的外匯交易商清單， Mr. Market has compiled a list of several global, well-established and secure foreign traders, 市場先生建議做外匯保證金、CFD交易，還是選擇全世界知名安全、且規模較大的券商。 For example: IG, CFD差價合約相關文章： CFP-related article: 額外分享幾篇基礎教學文章： shares several basic teaching articles: 50歲之前想退休一定要懂理財， If you want to retire before the age of 50, you have to know how to handle your investment problems!
短線交易利息通常低的可以忽略，但長期累積下來還是要小心，不應該長期持有。
short-line interest is usually negligible, but the long-term build-up should be careful that should not hold for long periods.
比方說沒有股票投票權這些東西，只是單純在對它的漲跌作出買賣選擇，而在損益計算上完全跟持有實物一樣(必須的)。
因為不持有實物，所以選擇交易商也要很注意是否安全。
, for example, does not have stock voting rights, but simply chooses to buy and sell it for a fall, and the profit calculation is exactly as if it were real (necessary).
, because it does not hold real goods, choose the dealer to be careful whether it is safe or not.
但強烈建議不要用高槓桿，因為那會大幅拉高風險與交易成本，
除非你交易的是波動極小的商品，否則初期用到1:5或1:10就夠了。
, it is strongly advised not to use high poles, because that would significantly increase risk and transaction costs,
unless you traded very small commodities, it would be sufficient to use 1:5 or 1:10 initially.
因為國內對這類交易近期才開始緩慢開放，
because the country has only recently begun to slow down the opening of transactions of this kind.
2. 澳大利亞證券與投資委員會(ASIC)
3. 美國商品期貨交易委員會(CFTC) [只對美國本土交易商開放]
4. 歐盟金融工具市場管理規則(MiFID)[此為一項規範]
2. Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC)
3. United States Commodity Futures and Exchange Commission (CFTC) [only open to United States domestic traders]
4. European Union Financial Instruments Market Regulation (MIFID) [this is a rule]
個人建議”不要找任何中國本土的交易商”，風險會比較高。
Personal Advice #8221; Do not look for any local traders in China #8221; the risk is higher.
另外也要測試它的軟體你是否用的習慣，
出入金大多數廠商應該都已經做到很方便了，但你還是要檢查看看流程如何進行。
and also test its software for your habits.
Most of the entry and exit money manufacturers should have done so easily, but you still need to check how the process is going.
可閱讀：外匯保證金》有規模且安全的外匯交易商清單
. Readable:
例如：IG、OANDA安達、Pepperstone。
解決投資的煩惱！
如果覺得這篇文章有幫助，
幫我按個讚，分享給更多人看到，謝謝！
if it's helpful,
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