区块链工作原理是什么？区块链技术的工作原理是什么?大家都知道，“比特币”是一种数字货币。而“区块链”就是比特币的记账系统。可以把区块链想象成一个账本，上面记录了全球所有的比特币交易信息。那么，区块链跟传统的银行记账有什么区别呢?这就涉及到区块链的本质了：区块链是一种去中心化的分布式数据库。我会一一解释这三个关键词。
And & & & rdquo; bitcoin & rdquo; it's a digital currency. And & & & rdquo; block chain & rdquo; it's a bitcoin accounting system. You can imagine the block chain as an account book that records all the bitcoin transactions around the globe. So what's the difference between the block chain and the traditional bank account? This relates to the essence of the block chain: the block chain is a distributed database that is decentralised. I will explain the three key words one by one.
数据库：
database:
所谓“数据库”，就是计算机上的一组表格，它可以存放大量的有结构的信息(可以类比Excel，但远比Excel复杂)。比如我们去银行存款、取款、汇款，这些交易信息都是要上传到银行的数据库的。
It's called “ database & & rdquao; it's a set of tables on a computer that can store a lot of structured information (like Excel, but much more complicated than Excel). For example, we go to bank deposits, withdrawals, remittances, all of which are uploaded into a bank's database.
分布式：
distribution:
这个数据库可以存放在银行的一台超级电脑上，也可以放在多台电脑上。比如工行可能在华北、华中、华东、华南等地区各有一台服务器，每个地区的交易信息发送到本地区的服务器上，各个服务器之间通过银行的内部网络连接。这就叫“分布式数据库”。
This database can be stored on a supercomputer of the bank, or on a number of computers. For example, the industry may have a server in each of the regions of North, China, East and South China, where information on transactions is sent to the region’s servers, with each server connected through the bank’s internal network. This is called & ldquao; distributed databases & rdquao;
去中心化：
传统的服务器，不管是不是分布式的，都是有“管理员”的。也就是说，有一个银行内部的“超级用户”可以查看所有的交易信息，并且可以随意添加、修改这些信息。这就叫“中心化”。 Traditional servers, whether distributed or not, have &ldquao; administrator & rdquao; that is, there is a bank inside & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; you can view all transaction information and you can add and modify it at will. This is called & & ldquao; centralization & rdquao; 而区块链则是“去中心化”的。也就是说，区块链这个数据库中不存在管理员，所有人都是平等的，都有权查看、添加信息。去中心化是区块链的本质特征。 The block chain, on the other hand, is & ldquo; decentralised & & rdquao; that is, there are no administrators in the block chain database, and everyone is equal and has the right to see and add information. Decentralization is the essence of the block chain. 既然所有人都有权往区块链上添加信息，那么这个“账本”难道不会乱七八糟吗?要搞清楚这点，我们需要了解什么是“区块”，什么是“链”。 Now that everyone has the right to add information to the block chain, this & & & & rdquao; don't you think it's a mess? To figure this out, we need to know what & & & & & & rdquao; & & & & & ; & & & & ; & & & & ; 何为“区块”何为“链”?“区块”是区块链的基本组成。区块就是一个数据块。类比账本的话，区块就相当于账本上的一页，这一页上记录了多条交易信息。而把这些分散在整个互联网上的“页”串成一条链，就可以形成一个完整的“账本”。那么，“区块”是怎么串成“区块链”的呢? What is “ blocks & & rdquo; & & & rdquo; chains & & rdquo; & & & & & rdquo; blocks & & rdquo; are the basic components of the chain of blocks. Blocks are a data block. In analogy, blocks are equivalent to a page on the account book, which records multiple transaction information. And then they are spread over the entire Internet & & & & rdquao; a chain that can form a complete & & & & rdquao; account book & & & rdquao; then, & & & & & & rdquao; how & & & & &. 哈希值与防篡改： Hashi and anti-fouling: 除了比特币交易信息之外，区块上还包含了这个区块本身的一些特征信息。可以类比一页上的“页码”，只不过这个“页码”比较复杂。“页码”中最重要的，就是“哈希值”，它是理解区块链可靠性的关键。 In addition to the Bitcoin transaction information, the blocks contain some of the characteristics of the block itself. They can be compared to &ldquao; page number & & rdquao; except this & & & rdquao; more complex. & & & & rdquao; page number & & rdquao; the most important of these are & & & & rdquao; the Hashi value & & rdquao; it is the key to understanding the reliability of the block chain. 所谓“哈希值”，可以理解为数据的一个“指纹”。我们签合同有时会摁手印，以后只要把自己的指纹和合同上的指纹对比一下，就可以证明合同是自己签的。类似地，我们在网上下载一个软件，有些网站会给出安装包的哈希值(可能称为CRC或SHA)。我们下载完安装包后，只需用专门的工具计算一下这个SHA值，再跟官网上给的SHA值对比一下，就可以知道自己下载的和网站提供的是否100%一致，下载过程有没有被人做了手脚。 So-called “ Hashi & rdquo; understandably a & & & & rdquo; & fingerprint; & & & rdquo;. We sign contracts sometimes with handprints, and then we can prove that the contract was signed by ourselves by comparing our fingerprints with the fingerprints on the contract. Similarly, we download a software online, some sites will give Hashi values for the package (which may be called CRC or SHA). After downloading the package, we simply need to use a special tool to calculate the SHA value and compare it with the SHA values given by the official online, to know whether the downloads were 100 per cent consistent with the website and whether the downloads were made. 不同的数据，算出来的哈希值一般来说是不同的。如果已知数据A的哈希值是H，想伪造另一个数据B，使它的哈希值也是H，这是极其困难的。也就是说，哈希值具有不可伪造性，起到了“指纹”的作用。 Different data, the calculated Hashi values are generally different. If the known Hashi value of data A is H, it is extremely difficult to falsify another data B, making it H-value. That is, the Hashi value is immutable and plays the role of &ldquao; fingerprints & rdquao; 一个区块中，包含了两种哈希值：“上一个区块的哈希值”和“本区块的哈希值”。因为每个区块都包含了上一个区块的哈希值，所有的区块就依次连成一条(逻辑上的)链。“上一个区块的哈希值”就起到了“页码”的作用——给页排序。 One block contains two HS: & ldquo; the previous HS & & rdquo; and & & & rdquo; this HS & & rdquo; since each block contains the HS of the previous block, all blocks are chained in sequence (logically). & ldquo; the previous HS & & rdquo; & ldquo; the page code & & rdquo; the effect & mdash; & mdash; and the sorting of pages. 区块连接成区块链 如果一个区块上的交易信息被人恶意篡改的话，“本区块的哈希值”就会改变。由于区块链中下一个区块包含了“上一个区块的哈希值”，为了让下一个区块依然能连到本区块，需要修改下一个区块。而这又导致下下个、下下下个......区块也必须修改。 If the transaction information on a block is tampered with maliciously, &ldquao; the Hashi & rdquao of this block; changes. Since the next block in the block chain contains & ldquao; the Hashi & rdquao of the previous block; and, in order for the next block to remain connected to the next block, the next block needs to be modified. This leads to the next and the next... blocks must also be modified. 篡改了一个区块，就要修改后面所有区块 A block has been tampered with, and all the blocks in the back have to be modified. 由于区块链本身的一些机制(这个机制比较细节，我们这里不讨论)，计算一个区块的哈希值是极其困难的，修改多个区块的哈希值则是难上加难。这样，篡改区块链中的交易信息就成为几乎不可能的事情。这就保证了区块链的可靠性。 Because of some of the mechanisms of the block chain itself (which we do not discuss here) it is extremely difficult to calculate the Hashi value of a block, and it is more difficult to change the Hashi value of multiple blocks. In this way, it is almost impossible to tamper with the transactional information in the block chain. This ensures the reliability of the block chain. 采矿：向区块链写入信息的方式 Mining: how to write information to the block chain 采矿：向区块链写入信息的方式“采矿”，就是计算出一个潜在区块的哈希值，使这个区块正式加入整个区块链的过程。一个区块加入区块链后，其中包含的交易信息才能成为事实。由于比特币设计者的一些考虑，采矿的过程需要消耗大量时间和资源。前面已经提到，计算区块的哈希值是极其困难的。具体有多困难呢?如果比特币网络中的计算机都参与哈希值的计算，平均每十分钟才能算出一个哈希值。 Mining: the way the information is written into the block chain & ldquo; mining & rdquo; the process of calculating the Hashi value of a potential block and formally adding it to the whole block chain. When a block is added to the block chain, the transaction information it contains becomes a fact. The mining process takes a lot of time and resources because of some of the considerations of Bitcoin designers. As already mentioned, calculating the Hashi value of the block is extremely difficult. How difficult is it? 从事采矿活动的人，称为“矿工”。互联网上的任何人都可以加入比特币网络，成为矿工。既然采矿需要消耗大量时间和资源，为什么矿工会自愿加入呢?这是因为比特币协议规定，挖到新区块的矿工会得到比特币奖励。这是矿工采矿的动力;也因为矿工持续得挖矿，比特币交易信息才能被确认，比特币交易才能正常进行。同时，这也是比特币总量唯一的增加方式。比特币不像传统货币，它的总量不能通过国家或机构人为印发的方式增加，只能通过挖矿奖励的方式“自然地”增加。 The miners are known as “ miners & & rdquo; anyone on the Internet can join the Bitcoin network and become miners. Since mining consumes a great deal of time and resources, why do mining unions volunteer to join? This is because the Bitcoin agreement provides that mining unions that dig new blocks are rewarded by bitcoin. This is the engine for mining by miners; and because mining workers continue to dig, the bitcoin trade is confirmed, and the bitcoin trade is conducted properly. At the same time, it is the only way to increase the amount of bitcoins. 如何避免主链分叉? How do you avoid the main chain? 既然挖矿会有比特币奖励，比特币的交易方也会给矿工一些手续费作为报酬，矿工之间难免会产生大量竞争。如果两个矿工同时挖到了某个区块的下一个区块，那么谁挖到的那个区块有资格加入区块链呢?如果都可以加入区块链，区块链产生了分叉，这样如何保证区块链的“唯一性”呢? If two miners dig up the next block of a block at the same time, who is entitled to join the chain? If you can join the chain of blocks and the chain of blocks produces a fork, how can you guarantee the chain of blocks & ldquao; unique & rdquao? 区块链协议规定，如果一个分叉上的新增区块达到了六个，那么它就成为区块链的“正统”;而同一时刻其他没有达到六个区块的分叉，就会被不幸淘汰，这些区块上的交易信息也不会被认可。这就避免了区块链的分叉。由于一个区块在被挖出来后，后面必须跟上六个新区块，而平均每十分钟才能挖到一个新区块，这样，一笔交易至少需要一个小时才能被确认(被写进区块链)。 The block chain agreement provides that if an additional block on a fork reaches six, it becomes & ldquo; orthodox & & rdquo; and at the same time, other blocks that do not reach the fork of six will unfortunately be eliminated, and the transaction information on those blocks will not be accepted. This avoids the fork in the block chain. Since a block is dug out, six new blocks will have to be followed in the back, and an average of 10 minutes will be dug into a new block, so that a transaction will take at least an hour to be confirmed (written into the block chain). 矿工B：我有一句喵喵喵不知当不当讲 Miner B: I don't know what I'm talking about. 综合上文，那么比特币交易的过程是怎样的呢? What's the process of dealing with bitcoin? 交易无非就是一条信息：“买方-1$，卖方+1$。”(这里涉及到一些非对称密码的知识，由于不是比特币所独有，不作讨论。)当你发起一笔比特币交易后，这个交易信息就会从你的设备上，逐渐发送到整个比特币网络。 The transaction is nothing more than a message: “ buyer $1, seller + $1. & & rdquo; here is some knowledge of asymmetric codes, which are not unique to bitcoin and are not discussed.) When you initiate a bitcoin transaction, the transaction information is gradually sent from your device to the entire bitcoin network. 为了挖矿奖励，许多矿工都会收集你的交易信息，并拼命挖新的区块。如果一个矿工挖出了一个新的区块，他就会把你的交易信息写入区块。在这之后，他还需要再挖出六个新的区块，以保证整个区块链采用了这个区块。这时你的交易信息才能正式写入区块链，得到确认。而那些没有挖到六个区块的矿工的成果则会被淘汰。 In order to reward mining, many miners collect information about your trade and dig new blocks. If a miner digs up a new block, he writes about your trade. After that, he has to dig up six new blocks to ensure that the whole chain of the blocks uses the block. 这样，虽然是多个矿工在竞争着写入你的交易信息，最后只能有一个矿工成功地写入。这就保证了同一次交易中，你的钱不会被扣掉两次。 So, while many miners compete to write your deal, only one of them succeeds in doing so. That guarantees that your money will not be withheld twice in the same transaction. 一旦一个新的区块正式加入了区块链，这个区块就会被同步到所有矿工的机器上，新的区块只能跟在这个区块后面。而挖到这个区块的矿工会获得一些比特币作为奖励，这也是新比特币发行的过程。 Once a new block is formally added to the block chain, the block will be synchronized to the machinery of all miners, and the new block will follow only behind the block. The mining union that dug into the block will receive some bitcoin as an incentive, which is also the process of issuing new bitcoin. 小结一下以上的要点：区块链是比特币交易的可靠的、唯一的账本，区块链是一个无中心的分布式数据库。它没有管理员，网络中的所有用户都可以平等地向区块链中写入新的区块。 A little bit more: the block chain is the only reliable account book for bitcoin transactions, and the block chain is an uncentreded distributed database. It has no administrator, and all users in the network can write new blocks to the block chain on an equal basis. 区块根据“上个区块的哈希值”而连接成一条链，计算哈希值的困难性，使得区块和区块链无法被篡改，保证了区块和区块链的可靠性。 Blocks are based on “ the Hashi value of the previous block & & rdquao; and the difficulty of connecting to a chain to calculate the Hashi value makes it impossible to tamper with the blocks and blocks chain and ensures the reliability of the blocks and blocks chain. 一个区块后面新增六个区块才能使它正式加入区块链，这使得区块链不会产生分叉，保证了区块链的唯一性，但同时，这也导致比特币交易至少需要一个小时来确认，不具有即时性。 The addition of six blocks behind a block in order for it to be formally added to the block chain does not create a fork in the block chain and guarantees the uniqueness of the block chain, but at the same time it also leads to a transaction in bitcoin that takes at least one hour to confirm and is not instantaneous. 挖矿奖励是比特币唯一的发行机制，也是矿工挖矿的动力。好了，通过对以上的总结，大家对虚拟币的各个方面有没有了很深的了解呢?希望这篇文章会解答一下您的疑惑和让您对您的币种更加了解，会更加深入了解虚拟币。希望大家收获多多，钱包越来越鼓最后虚拟币也有一定的风险，希望大家量力而行，要谨慎客观的分析各方面的因素，综合自己的自身条件来考虑到底要不要选择一个币种。希望本篇文章会帮助到你。如果有其他需要，大家也可以继续多关注关注我们的文章，会不定时的推送，希望大家通过阅读我们的文章对您的虚拟币会有一个更加清晰的了解那么谢谢您的阅读。 The mining incentive is the only distribution mechanism for Bitcoin and the incentive for miners to dig. Well, by summarizing the above, do you have any insight into the various aspects of virtual currency? It is hoped that this article will answer your doubts and give you a better understanding of your currency, and that it will lead to a deeper understanding of virtual currency. It is hoped that you will learn a lot, and that your wallet will become more and more expensive, and that you will do so with a careful and objective analysis of all the factors involved, and that you will consider whether or not to choose a currency. It is hoped that this article will help you. If you need anything else, you will continue to pay more attention to our articles.
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