走进Hyperledger Fabric：企业区块链技术的简明介绍

分布式数据库：区块链的物理载体；

电子现金：最近几十年来的解决方案为区块链研发提供基础；

Electronic cash： solutions in recent decades have provided the basis for block chain development xff1b;

Consensus layerxff1a;

超级账本（Hyperledger）是首个面向企业应用场景的分布式账本平台，包括了：IBM、Intel、Cisco、DAH、摩根大通、R3等在内的众多科技和金融巨头的贡献参与，在银行，供应链等领域得到了广泛的关注和发展，目前已经拥有超过200家企业成员；

Superbooks & #xff08; Hyperledger） the first distributed account platform for business applications & #xff0c; including ： IBM, Intel, Cisco, DAH, Morgan Chase, R3 and so on; #xff0c; in banks & #xff0c; wide interest and development in areas such as the supply chain & #xff0c; already having over 200 business members & #xff1b;

2015年12月，由开源世界的旗舰组织Linux基金会牵头，30家初始企业成员共同宣布 Hyperledger联合项目成立。

December 2015 xff0c; led by the Open Source World flagship organization Linux Foundation xff0c; 30 initial business members jointly announced the establishment of the Hyperledger joint project.

成立之初，IBM贡献了4万多行已有的 OpenBlockchain 代码，DigitalAsset则贡献了企业和开发者相关资源，R3 贡献了新的金融交易架构，Intel也贡献了分布式账本相关的代码。

At its inception xff0c; IBM contributed more than 40,000 lines of OpenBlockchain code & #xff0c; DigitalAsset contributed business and developers-related resources xff0c; R3 contributed new financial transaction architecture xff0c; and Intel contributed code related to distributed books.

作为一个联合项目，旗下由面向不同的场景的子项目构成:包括==Fabric==、Sawtooth、lroha、Blockchain Explorer、 Cello、Indy、 Composer、 Burrow等8大顶级项目。

As a joint project & #xff0c; under the flag is made up of sub-projects for different scenarios: 8 top projects including & #61; & #61; Fabric #61; & #61;, Sawtooth, lroha, Blockchai Explorer, Cello, Indy, Composer, Burrow, etc.

所有项目都遵循 Apache v2 许可，并约定共同遵守如下的基本原则：

All projects are subject to the Apache v2 permit xff0c; and agree to observe jointly the following basic principles xff1a;

• 重视模块化设计：包括交易、合同、一致性、身份、存储等技术场景；
• 重视代码可读性：保障新功能和模块都可以很容易添加和扩展；
• 可持续的演化路线：随着需求的深入和更多的应用场景，不断增加和演化新的项目；

Hyperledger Sawtooth 是一个创建、部署和运行分布式账本的模块化平台。它包含一个 新奇的共识算法，叫做经历时间证明 (Proof of ElapsedTime，简写POET)，面向大型分布式验证器群，消耗最少的资源。

Hyperledger Sawtooth is a modular platform for creating, deploying and running distributed accounts. It contains a novel consensus algorithm & #xff0c; known as Proof of ElapsedTime， Simply POT)& #xff0c; oriented towards large distributioner groups & #xff0c; with minimal resource consumption.

Hyperledger Iroha 是为了将分布式账本技术简单容易地与基础架构型项目集成而设计的一个区块链框架项目。

Fabric1.X的架构优势

Fabric1.X has a structural advantage

链码(Chaincode) 执行信任的可伸缩性，将用户自己开发的链码和系统提供的Order服务拆分，用户开发的链码和系统提供的Order服务不再是一一对应的关系，Order也可以适当容忍错误的出现，增强了系统的鲁棒性；

The chain code (Chaincode) implements trust scalable xff0c; splits the chain code developed by the user and the Order service provided by the system xff0c; the chain code developed by the user and the Order service provided by the system are no longer a matching relationship xff0c; order can also properly tolerate errors xff0c; enhances the robustness of the system xff1b;

性能提升，拆分链码和Order的串行执行，在原有架构中，当链码执行非常耗时的时候，Order将会处于闲置状态，不利于提高系统的吞吐量，拆分以后链码和Order可以并行执行发送交易；

Performance upgrades & #xff0c; splitting chain codes and Order's serial execution & #xff0c; xff0c in the original structure; xff0c when the chain code is executed very time-consumingly xff0c; order will be in idle state xff0c; is not conducive to increasing the volume of the system's throughput xff0c; chain numbers after splitting and Order will be able to execute the dispatch transaction xff1b in parallel;

共识机制可以单独实现(Order)；

The consensus mechanism can be achieved separately (Order & #xff1b);

应用向单个或多个Peer节点发送对交易的背书请求；

Applying endorsement requests for transactions xff1b to individual or multiple Peer nodes;

背书节点执 ChainCode，但并不将结果提交到本地账本，只是将结果返回给应；

The endorsement node ChainCode， however, the results are not submitted to the local account book xff0c; only the results are returned to xff1b;

应收集所有背书节点的结果后，将结果播给Orderer;

The results of all endorsement nodes should be collected after xff0c; the results should be broadcast to Orderer;

Order执共识过程，并成Block，通过消息通道批量的将Block发布给Peer节点；

The Order Consensus Implementation Process & #xff0c; and Block & #xff0c; Block was released to Peer node & #xff1b in batches via the message channel;

各个Peer节点验证交易，并提交到本地账本中。

Each Peer node validates the transaction & #xff0c; and is submitted to the local account book.