近年来相信很多学生都听过区块链，这是当下一个非常热门的研究发展方向，更是计算机行业中一个新兴的发展方向，不少年轻人都想要去英国学习更加先进的区块链技术，而英国大学的区块链技术也是享誉世界。那么英国哪些大学开设了区块链专业?接下来就为同学们盘点一下，看你想要申请哪所大学。
In recent years, many students have heard of block chains, and this is the next most popular development in the computer industry. Many young people want to go to Britain to learn more advanced block chain technology, and the UK University’s block chain technology is also a world-renowned one. So which of the UK’s universities has a block chain specialization ?
区块链技术，BlockChain，是一种使用去中心化共识机制去维护一个完整的、分布式的、不可篡改的账本数据库的技术，它能够让区块链中的参与者在无需建立信任关系的前提下实现一个统一的账本系统。区块链本质上是一个注重安全和可信度胜过效率的一项技术。
Block chain technology, Block Chain, is a technology that uses a decentralised consensus mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed and non-alterable accounting database that allows participants in the block chain to achieve a unified accounting system without a relationship of trust. The block chain is essentially a technology that focuses on security and credibility over efficiency.
目前所有的系统背后都有一个数据库，也就是一个大账本。那么谁来记这个账本就变得很重要。现在就是谁的系统谁来记账，各个银行的账本就是各个银行在记，支付宝的账本就是阿里在记。但现在区块链系统中，系统中的每个人都可以有机会参与记账。在一定时间段内如果有新的交易数据变化，系统中每个人都可以来进行记账，系统会评判这段时间内记账最快最好的人，将其记录的内容写到账本，并将这段时间内账本内容发给系统内所有的其他人进行备份。这样系统中的每个人都有一本完整的账本。因此，这些数据就会变得非常安全。
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There's a database behind all the systems now, which is a big book. It's important who's keeping the book. Who's keeping the book now, the bank's books are in the bank, and Ali's books are in the bank. But now everyone in the system has the opportunity to be involved in the bookkeeping. If there's a new change in the transaction data, everyone in the system will be able to book the account over a certain period of time, and the system will judge the fastest and best person in the period, write the account to the account book, and send the account book to all others in the system for backup. So everyone in the system has a complete book. So the data will be very secure.
区块链技术的诞生(我们用形象的例子来进行解释)：
The emergence of block chain technology (which we interpret with an example of image):
如果A借了B 100块钱，这个时候，A在人群中大喊“我是A，我借给了B 100块钱!”，B也在人群中大喊“我是B，A借给了我100块钱!”，此时路人甲乙丙丁都听到了这些消息，因此所有人都在心中默默记下了“A借给了B100块钱”。你看，这个时候一个去中心化的系统就建立起来了，这个系统中不需要银行，也不需要借贷协议和收据，严格来说，甚至不需要人与人长久的信任关系(比如B突然又改口说“我不欠A钱!”，这个时候人民群众就会站出来说“不对，我的小本本上记录了你某天借了A100块钱!”)。
If A borrows B-100, this time A shouts & & ldquo in the crowd; I am A, I borrow B-100! & & & rdquo; B shouts & ldquo in the crowd; B, A lends me $100! & & & rdquo; when the passers-by hears the news, everyone says & ldquo in the heart; A borrows B-100 & & rdquo; you see, this time a decentralized system is built, and there is no need for banks, no need for loan agreements and receipts, and, strictly speaking, no need for a long-standing relationship of trust (e.g., B suddenly says & & ldquo; I don't owe A! & & rdquo; this time, the people will come forward and say & ldquo; no, my little book records an A100! & rdquo;
区块链可以应用在金融行业、征信系统、供应链、在线音乐、房地产、医疗等等各个行业，但是现在是没有相关区块链人才，现在国内国外很多的公司都是百万年薪招区块链人才，出现严重的用工荒。而国内暂时开设的区块链相关课程屈指可数。2023年4月，浙江大学计算机学院和软件学院将开设一门名为《区块链与数字货币》的课程，着力于培养区块链技术高端人才，这是国内首家开设此类课程的高校。所以此时只有出国留学才能有更多的学习机会。
In April 2023, the Zhejiang University College of Computers and Software will run a course called Block Chains and Digital Currency, focusing on the development of high-level talent in block chain technology, which is the country’s first high-level institution to offer such courses.
想要从事区块链的工作你需要学习计算机、信息技术、数学等专业课程
You need to study computers, information technology, mathematics, etc. to work in block chains.
1、公开区块链(public blockchain) 例子：比特币，Ethereum Frontier。公开区块链上的数据所有人都可以访问，所有人都可以发出交易等待被写入区块链。共识过程的参与者(对应比特币中的矿工)通过密码学技术以及内建的经济激励维护数据库的安全。
1. An example of a public block chain: Bitcoin, Etheeum Frontier. Data on the open block chain are accessible to all, and all can send transactions waiting to be written into the block chain.
2、协作区块链(federated blockchain) 例子：Hyperledger以及德勤等会计所尝试的审计系统。参与区块链的节点是事先选择好的，节点间很可能是有很好的网络连接。这样的区块链上可以采用非工作量证明的其他共识算法，比如有100家金融机构之间建立了某个区块链，规定必须67个以上的机构同意才算达成共识。这样的区块链上的数据可以是公开的也可以是这些节点参与者内部。
Examples of collaborative blocks chains: audit systems tried by accounting firms such as Hyperledger and Deloitte. The nodes for participation in block chains are pre-selected, and the nodes are likely to be well connected to the network. Other consensus algorithms that are not supported by workload can be used on such blocks chains, such as 100 financial institutions that have established a block chain that requires the consent of more than 67 institutions in order to reach consensus.
3、私有区块链(private blockchain) 例子：Eris Industries。参与的节点只有用户自己，数据的访问和使用有严格的权限管理。近期部分金融机构公布的内部使用的区块链技术大都语焉不详，不过很可能都在这个范围内。
3 Examples of private block chains: Eris Industries. The only points involved are the users themselves, and access to and use of data is strictly authorized.
学术要求：国内重点院校75至84分或普通院校85-90分
Academic requirements: 75 to 84 points in key national institutions or 85 to 90 points in general institutions
学术要求：有较好的数学和计算机基础
Academic requirements: a better mathematical and computer base
语言要求：雅思6.5
Language requirements: Yas 6.5
未来就业薪资：
Future employment pay:
当前很火的互联网金融浪潮在全球范围改变了传统金融业务模式，但直销银行、互联网保险、互联网券商等平台业务的重点还是在于渠道的争夺、经营模式的改变，而区块链技术有望将金融业的下一个发展阶段推向更加接近金融本质的层面——信用。理论上，在技术识别能力足够的情况下，它能让交易双方无需借助第三方信用中介开展经济活动，从而实现全球低成本的价值转移。
The current hot wave of Internet finance has changed traditional financial business models globally, but direct-selling operations such as banks, Internet insurance, Internet bond dealers, etc., have focused on competition for channels, changing business patterns, and block-link technology is expected to move the financial sector’s next stage of development closer to the level of financial nature & mdash; & mdash; credit. In theory, it allows trading parties to engage in economic activities without resorting to third-party credit intermediaries, thereby bringing about a global low-cost value shift.
1、数字货币
1. Digital currency
目前区块链技术最广泛、最成功的运用是以比特币为代表的数字货币。近年来数字货币发展很快，由于去中心化信用和频繁交易的特点，使得其具有较高交易流通价值，并能够通过开发对冲性金融衍生品作为准超主权货币，保持相对稳定的价格。
The most extensive and successful use of block-chain technology is now the digital currency represented by bitcoin. Digital currency has grown rapidly in recent years, with decentralized credit and frequent trading characteristics, giving it a high tradable value and allowing it to maintain relatively stable prices through the development of hedge financial derivatives as quasi-super-sovereign currencies.
2、支付清算
2. Liquidation of payments
现阶段商业贸易交易清算支付都要借助于银行，这种传统的通过中介进行交易的方式要经过开户行、对手行、央行、境外银行(代理行或本行境外分支机构)。与传统支付体系相比，区块链支付为交易双方直接进行，不涉及中间机构，即使部分网络瘫痪也不影响整个系统运行。如果基于区块链技术构建一套通用的分布式银行间金融交易协议，为用户提供跨境、任意币种实时支付清算服务，则跨境支付将会变得便捷和成本低廉。
At this stage, payments for the liquidation of commercial trade transactions are made through banks, and this traditional way of dealing through intermediaries is through the depositary, counterparty, central bank, offshore bank (a correspondent or branch office outside the bank). Compared to traditional payment systems, block payments are made directly to the parties to the transaction and do not involve intermediaries, and even partial network paralysis does not affect the functioning of the system as a whole. If a generic set of distributed inter-bank financial transaction agreements is built based on block chain technology that provides users with real-time settlement services across borders and in any currency, cross-border payments will become easier and less costly.
3、数字票据
3. Digital paper
数字票据是结合区块链技术和票据属性、法规、市场，开发出的一种全新的票据展现形式，与现有的电子票据体系的技术架构完全不同。区块链数据前后相连构成的不可篡改的时间戳，使得监管的调阅成本大大降低，完全透明的数据管理体系提供了可信任的追溯途径，并且可以在链条中针对监管规则通过编程建立共用约束代码，实现监管政策全覆盖和硬控制。
Digital instruments are an entirely new form of instrument presentation that combines block chain technology and paper attributes, regulations, and markets, and is completely different from the technical architecture of the existing electronic paper system. The inexorable time stamping of the links between block chain data significantly reduces the cost of access to regulation, a fully transparent data management system provides a trusted retrospective route, and a common binding code can be developed in the chain to achieve full regulatory coverage and hard control through the programming of regulatory rules.
4、权益证明
4. Certificate of entitlement
区块链每个参与维护节点都能获得一份完整的数据记录，利用区块链可靠和集体维护的特点，可对权益的所有者确权。对于存储永久性记录的需求，区块链是理想解决方案，适用于土地所有权、股权交易等场景。
Each block chain involved in maintaining nodes is able to obtain a complete data record, using the features of a block chain that is reliable and collectively maintained, to confirm rights to owners of interests. For the need to store permanent records, the block chain is the ideal solution, applicable to such scenarios as land ownership, equity trading, etc.
5、银行征信
5. Bank letters
在这一领域，区块链的优势在于依靠程序算法自动记录海量信息，并存储在区块链网络的每一台计算机上，信息透明、篡改难度高、使用成本低。各商业银行以加密的形式存储并共享客户在本机构的信用状况，客户申请贷款时不必再到央行申请查询征信，即去中心化，贷款机构通过调取区块链的相应信息数据即可完成全部征信工作。
In this area, the advantage of block chains is that they automatically record big information based on program algorithms and store it on each computer in the block chain network, with transparency, difficulty of tampering, and low cost of use. Commercial banks store and share customers’ credit status in an encrypted form, without having to apply to the central bank for a further request for credit, i.e., to centralize it, and lending institutions can do all the mailing by accessing the corresponding information data on the block chain.
薪资：
Salaries:
据《经济参考报》报道，“与人工智能、区块链、大数据相关的技术研发人员，包括算法工程师、高级数据分析员、架构工程师等岗位目前薪酬普遍都在百万左右。”长期研究人力资源市场的瑞元投资咨询公司高级合伙人白睿向记者透露，某区块链公司员工规模为200人，其中60多人薪资达到百万级别。
According to the Economic Reference Journal, “ technical research and development personnel associated with artificial intelligence, block chains, big data, including algorithmic engineers, senior data analysts, architecture engineers, etc., are now generally paid around a million. & & & & & & & ; senior partner of Swift Investment Consulting for a long-term study of the human resources market revealed to journalists that there are 200 employees in a sector chain, more than 60 of whom are paid at a million grades.
因为区块链的概念还很时新，正规的课程供不应求。
Because the concept of block chains is still new, the formal curriculum is inadequate.
——信息设计学硕士
& mdash; & mdash; master's degree in information design
丁堡大学设计信息学项目由爱丁堡大学与爱丁堡艺术学院通过设计信息中心联合开设，专注于数据的设计。通过爱丁堡大学设计信息学项目，你将了解如何构建计算机系统，掌握设计思维和创造的规范。
The design informatics project of the University of Dinburg is run jointly by the University of Edinburgh and the Edinburgh School of Arts, which focuses on data design through the Design Information Centre. Through the design informatics project of the University of Edinburgh, you will learn how to build computer systems and master the norms of design thinking and creation.
课程设置：
Curriculum:
设计信息：历史和未来
Design information: history and future
设计数据科学
Design data science
设计信息学的案例研究
Case study on design informatics
设计与数据
Design and data
设计信息项目
Design information project
入学要求：
Enrolment requirements:
专业背景：计算机科学、信息学、人工智能、物理、工程、心理学、哲学、语言学或神经科学领域
Professional background: Computer science, informatics, artificial intelligence, physics, engineering, psychology, philosophy, linguistics or neuroscience
学术背景：国内重点院校75至84分或普通院校85-90分
Academic background: 75 to 84 points in key national institutions or 85 to 90 points in general institutions
语言要求：雅思6.5，单项至少有6.0
Language requirements: Arthur 6.5, at least 6.0 per item
——技术管理硕士
& mdash; & mdash; Master of Technology Management
课程设置：
Curriculum:
核心模块
Core module
技术战略
Technology strategy
系统思考和工程管理
Systems reflection and engineering management
商业环境
Business environment
风险、可靠性、弹性
Risks, reliability, elasticity
可选模块
Optional modules
学生选择下列两项:
Students choose the following two options:
工程管理
Engineering management
提供复杂的项目
Provision of complex projects
生命周期管理
Life-cycle management
新产品开发
Development of new products
系统设计
System design
其海防和安全系统
Its maritime defence and security systems
铁路系统
Rail system
空间系统
Space systems
入学要求：
Enrolment requirements:
专业背景：有工程/技术项目工作经验者优先
Professional background: priority for those with experience in engineering/technical projects
学术要求：国内重点院校75至84分或普通院校85-90分
Academic requirements: 75 to 84 points in key national institutions or 85 to 90 points in general institutions
语言要求：雅思7.0，单项至少6.5
Language requirements: Arthur 7.0, individual at least 6.5
——国际技术管理硕士
& mdash; & mdash; Master of International Technology Management
在全球商业环境的背景下，本课程将探讨如何通过利用创新和技术变革为我们自己和客户创造价值和利益。
In the context of the global business environment, the course will explore how to create value and benefit for ourselves and our clients by harnessing innovation and technological change.
课程设置：
Curriculum:
核心模块:
Core modules:
从周一到周五(上午9点至下午6时30分)，模块通常在密集的一周时间内进行教学。这些为期一周的课程(学年共9次)从10月到6月不等。周末的会议也偶尔需要。
From Monday to Friday (9 a.m. to 6.30 p.m.), modules are usually taught during an intensive week.
核心模块是强制性的，并与本课程相关。
The core modules are mandatory and relevant to the course.
技术管理
Technology management
全球商业环境
Global business environment
国际合资企业
International joint ventures
协同产品开发
Synergy in product development
产品设计与开发管理
Product design and development management
供应链集成
Supply chain integration
组织和性能
Organization and Performance
入学要求：
Enrolment requirements:
专业背景：相关科目
Professional background: relevant subjects
学术要求：国内重点院校平均分70以上
Academic requirements: Averaging over 70 points in key national institutions
语言要求：雅思6.5
Language requirements: Yas 6.5
英国哪些大学开设了区块链专业?以上就是详细的介绍。英国一直都是中国留学生留学选择最热门的国家，对于签证、院校、专业、就业前景、费用等问题也是留学生非常关心的问题，在相关资讯中会为留学生逐一介绍，希望同学们持续关注，有相关问题也可以咨询IDP留学专家，在这里衷心的祝愿留学生顺利出国深造，学有所成。
Which universities in the United Kingdom have a section on block chains ? This is a detailed description. The United Kingdom has always been the most popular country for students studying abroad in China, and issues such as visas, colleges, professions, employment prospects, fees, etc. are also of great interest to students. In this information, students are presented on a case-by-case basis, and it is hoped that students will continue to pay attention to relevant issues.
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