区块链最近又挺火，人民日报也发文解释区块链不等于比特币。
The block chain has recently resurfaced, and the People's Daily has sent a message explaining that the block chain does not amount to bitcoin.
但币圈行情依然闻风而起，和区块链能搭上关系的公司股价也大涨。
However, currency circles continued to flourish, and the equity prices of companies that could be associated with block chains also rose sharply.
咋回事？
What's going on?
2014 年还是憨憨高中生的麦子，曾下载过手机挖矿软件。
In 2014, he was also a high school student of wheat who had downloaded cellular mining software.
当时哪懂什么区块链啊……
What kind of chain did you know then?
不过后沉迷 IT之家，也渐渐对区块链和比特币有了一些了解。
But then the IT House became obsessed with the chain of blocks and bitcoin.
麦子今天就来和大家说道说道。
Mai will come and talk to you today.
提起区块链，许多人第一反应是“听说过，比特币嘛”。
When it comes to the block chain, the first reaction of many is “Heard of it, Bitcoin”.
首先这么说并不准确，区块链不等于比特币。
First of all, it is not accurate to say that the block chain is not the same as bitcoin.
其次这么多人有这个印象也是有原因滴。
Second, there is a reason why so many people have this impression.
比特币的概念最早在是 2008 年在《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》论文中被提到。
The Bitcoin concept was first mentioned in a 2008 paper in Bitcoin: An Electronic Cash System for Point-to-Point.
论文现在被称为《比特币白皮书》，发表者便是大名鼎鼎的中本聪。
The paper is now known as the White Paper of Bitcoin, which is published by the well-known medium-breathed.
作为区块链概念的提出者和比特币的发明者，人们对他却知之甚少。
As the author of the block chain concept and the inventor of Bitcoin, little is known to him.
他自称是日裔美籍，作为一名身份尚不明朗的人曾被UCLA的经济学教授提名诺贝尔经济学奖候选人。
He claimed to be Japanese-American and, as an unidentified person, had been nominated for the Nobel Prize for Economics by the economics professor of UCLA.
可以说他的信息比比特币还难挖，感兴趣的同学可以挑战一下。
It can be said that his information is harder to dig than bitcoin, and interested students can challenge it.
区块链和比特币到底什么关系？
What does the block chain have to do with Bitcoin?
一句话说，比特币是区块链技术在经济领域的一种特定应用。
In one sentence, Bitcoin is a specific application of block chain technology in the economic field.
说人话就是，比特币是一种货币系统，区块链是其底层技术。
To be honest, Bitcoin is a monetary system, and the block chain is its bottom technology.
知道了两者的关系，就更容易理解了。
It's easier to understand the relationship between the two.
区块链
Block Chain
区块链区块链，无非就是区块连成链（废话）。
The chain of blocks is simply a chain of blocks.
从概念上看，特定时间内的数据打包成块，称为区块，后序区块与前序串成链，即为区块链。
Conceptually, data for a given period of time are packaged into blocks, known as blocks, which are then chained to the pre-sequence, i.e. blocks chains.
实际中，区块链就是一种去中心化的分布式账本数据库。
In practice, the block chain is a decentralised distributed book database.
说人话就是，一个人人手中都有的大账本。干吗用的？用来记账的。
In human words, a man has a large account in his hand. What for? It's for accounting.
去中心化的意思是，没有中心，也即人人都是中心。
To be centralized means that there is no centre, that is, everyone is a centre.
分布式意味着相同的数据将记录在每个节点上。
Distribution means that the same data will be recorded at each node.
打个比方，传统意义上，现在麦子的银行存款是银行说了算，麦子给小马转账五块钱，银行也会记录下这笔交易。
For example, in traditional terms, now that the bank accounts for wheat, the bank transfers $5 from wheat to the pony, and the bank records the transaction.
但用区块链的记账方式，银行就不像现在这么举足轻重了，每个人手中的账本，记录了每个人的存款以及交易信息。
But in the form of block chains, banks are less important than they are now. The books in everyone's hands record each person's deposits and transactions information.
假如小马想黑掉麦子的五块钱，费劲千辛万苦黑进银行数据库，修改余额和交易信息，那么小马就成功地吞掉了麦子的五块钱。
If the pony tries to blackout the wheat by five dollars, struggles to hack the bank database and modify the balance and transaction information, the pony succeeds in swallowing the wheat by five dollars.
如果改用区块链记账，小马对这五块钱几乎就可以断了念想了。因为他需要黑掉全世界一半以上的账本才有可能得到这五块钱。
If we switch to block chains, the ponies will almost lose their minds about the $5. Because he needs to hack more than half of the world's books to get the $5.
这就是区块链的第一个特点——安全。
That's the first feature of the block chain: security.
区块链有一个基本原则叫做“最长链原则”，说白了就是少数服从多数。
One of the basic principles of the block chain is called “the longest chain principle”, which makes it clear that a few are submissive to the majority.
结合区块链去中心分布式的特点可知，别说是五块钱，小马想黑掉麦子一毛钱都需要改掉一半以上的账本。
The central distribution of blocks in combination is known, not to mention five dollars, and the ponies need to change more than half of their books if they want to black out the wheat.
这个成本现阶段看来几乎无解。
This cost appears to be almost inexplicable at this stage.
而且越多人参与记账，麦子这五块钱以及所有人的每一分钱就越安全，信息越难以篡改。
And the more people are involved in the bookkeeping, the more secure the five dollars and every cent of the people are, the more difficult it is to tamper with the information.
区块链第二个特点是方便。
The second feature of the block chain is convenience.
由于大家手里的账本整体上保持同步，所以非常容易实现点对点交易，信息交换包括交易都无需通过第三方。
As the books in your hands are synchronized as a whole, point-to-point transactions are very easy to achieve, and information exchange, including transactions, need not pass through third parties.
正应了那句“没有中间商赚差价”。
The phrase “no middleman earns the difference”.
另外为了防止双重支付等问题，区块链中信息全部是可溯源的。
In addition, in order to prevent problems such as double payment, the information in the block chain is all traceable.
随着交易记录的广播，一套房子同时卖给两个人的情况是不会出现的。
With the broadcast of the transaction record, the sale of a house to two persons at the same time would not occur.
比特币
Bitcoin.
那比特币呢，又是个啥？
What about Bitcoin? What is it?
我们已经知道比特币是以区块链为底层技术的P2P数字货币系统，说白了就是在区块链的基础上套了一层玩法。
We already know that Bitcoin is a P2P digital monetary system with a block chain as the bottom of the technology, and it is clear that one layer of play is based on the block chain.
中本聪大佬在《白皮书》中规定，按照区块链的记账方式，每十分钟将这段时间内产生的数据打包成一个区块，打包的这个人（账户）会获得一定数额的比特币作为奖励，比特币就是这么来的。
In the White Paper, Big Nakamoto stipulated that the data generated during this period would be packaged into a block every 10 minutes in accordance with the recording of the block chain, and that the person who packed it would receive a certain amount of bitcoin as an incentive, as in Bitcoin.
那么问题出现了，怎样决定谁来打这个包？奖励多少？
So the question arises, how do we decide who's going to pack this bag? How much is the reward?
打包资格的分配，像极了小学课堂上最先答对问题的小朋友被奖励小红花的过程。
Packing the distribution of qualifications is like a process in which the first to answer questions in primary school class is rewarded for the small saffron.
所有参与竞争的账户，同时去算一道 hin 难 hin 难的数学题，这道数学题基于 SHA256 加密算法，有多难呢，人脑肯定没戏，需要计算机巨量的算力，甚至只能一个数一个数的去试……
All competing accounts, at the same time counting a difficult mathematical question that is based on the SHA256 encryption algorithm, how difficult it is for the human brain to be useless, needing the computer's greatness, even one number at a time...
这个运算的过程，也就是我们说的挖矿啦。
That's how we do it, that's what we're talking about.
正是由于这个特点，擅长密集型运算的 GPU 更适合被用来挖矿，这下知道了为什么狂潮来袭时显卡玩家最受伤了嘛。
It's because of this feature that the GPU, which is good at intensive calculations, is better suited for mining, and it's clear why the card player was the most hurt when the tide hit.
谁先算出来，这个比特币小红花就是谁的，然后大家又全部去算下一道题，以此往复。
Whoever calculates first, the little bitcoins belong to them, and then we all go back to the next question.
那能拿到多少比特币的奖励呢？
And how much bitcoin do you get?
大佬规定，刚开始获胜的小朋友打一个包会获得 50 个比特币的奖励，每四年减少一半，以此类推。
The big guy says that a first-win kid gets 50 bitcoins for a pack, cut it by half every four years, and so on.
所以从一开始比特币的总量就是确定的，经过简单的计算可得总量约为 2100 万个。
So, from the beginning, the amount of bitcoin was determined, and by simple calculations, the total available was approximately 21 million.
乍一看好像还不少对吧，但根据算法比特币的产出是越来越少的，矿工或矿主们的竞争也会越来越激烈。数据显示截至 2019 年中比特币总量的 80% 都挖没了。
At first glance, there seems to be a lot, but the output of bitcoin by algorithm is decreasing, and the competition between miners or miners is increasing. The data show that 80% of the amount of bitcoin was cut off by mid-2019.
现在我们知道了，大家比算力，先算出题目的拿奖励，问题又出现了，奖励从哪来的？
Now that we know, we're going to figure out the topic for the prize, and the question arises again, where's the reward coming from?
我们之前说了这是一个 P2P 数字货币体系，理论上全世界任意两人都可以直接交易，这笔交易会产生微量的手续费（远低于跨国转账），用这些手续费做为整理账本的人的奖励，不得不说小算盘打得不错。
We have said before that this is a P2P digital monetary system in which, theoretically, two people from all over the world can make direct transactions, which would result in a small amount of fees (almost lower than cross-border transfers) that would be used as a reward for the people who prepare the books, and would have to say that little is done.
这时又有人要问了，“那岂不是每个人都能看到我有多穷了？”
And then someone asks, "Isn't that everyone can see how poor I am?"
其实不然，比特币交易通过非对称加密，只需要地址和用来解密的公钥，大家都知道你有多少钱，但大家不知道你是谁呀！
In fact, the bitcoin deal is encrypted asymmetrically, just addresses and public keys to decrypt. Everyone knows how much money you have, but they don't know who you are!
Problem solved~
也正因比特币的安全和匿名性，所以盛行于地下交易等。
The security and anonymity of Bitcoin is also prevalent in underground transactions, etc.
讲到这里大家应该都明白了，区块链和比特币并不能混为一谈，前者是后者的底层技术，后者是前者的实际应用。
It should be understood here that the block chain and Bitcoin cannot be confused; the former is the latter's bottom technology and the latter is the actual application of the former.
当然，区块链还可以被用在方方面面，比如医疗、版权保护等。
Of course, the block chain can also be used in a variety of ways, such as medical care, copyright protection, etc.
央行数字货币
Central Bank digital currency
最近盛传的可能推出央行可能推出的数字货币 DCEP，也是基于区块链技术，那和比特币有啥区别呢？
What difference does it make to Bitcoin?
首先央行的数字货币对位的是流动现金，就是我们越来越没机会见到的钢镚和毛票。
First, the central bank's digital currency is the cash flow, the steel bar and the ticket that we are less and less likely to see.
数字货币是一种新发型的货币，定位则是流动现金的替代品，和人民币等值兑换。
Digital currency is a new-day currency, and positioning is a substitute for liquid cash and the equivalent of the renminbi.
数字货币并不是现有货币的数字化，和你银行账户里的余额数字完全是两个次元。
它的重点是基于区块链技术的交易体系，依然通过央行-银行发行，但对 P2P 交易更加友好，大家一起记账。 It focuses on a system of transactions based on block chain technology, which is still issued through the central bank-bank, but is more friendly to P2P transactions and is accounted for together. 数字货币和比特币的区别更好理解了，虽然都基于区块链技术，但区别更大。 The difference between digital currency and bitcoin is better understood, although it is based on block chain technology. 数字货币是货币，有权威公信力背书，和人民币是一样的（或者也是人民币的一种），价值相对稳定。 Digital currencies are currencies with authoritative endorsements and values that are the same as the renminbi (or one of its kind) and that are relatively stable. 而比特币是无国界的，通过算力产生的，价值极易受到多方因素影响，看看比特币历史价值变化就知道了…… And bitcoin is borderless, generated by arithmetic, and values are highly susceptible to multiple factors, as you can see from the changes in bitcoin's historical values... 区块链作为一种技术，已经上升到战略层面，未来我们可以看到越来越多的实际应用落地。 The block chain, as a technology, has risen to the strategic level, and in the future we can see a growing number of practical applications on the ground. 我们没必要过分吹捧，也不用抵触，甚至不用去了解它。 We don't have to brag about it, we don't have to contradict it, we don't even have to understand it. 噱头终将过去，我们也将受惠于此。 We will benefit from the end of the journey. 骗子都来蹭热点了，告诉爸妈别上当 The strong's all over the place. Tell Mom and Dad not to fall for it.
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