在互联网时代的高速发展趋势下，每年都能跳出不少新概念，或是一些老概念因为新话题的出现而再次进入公众的视野。反观2021年互联网上最热的“新概念”，莫非于元宇宙、Web3.0、区块链之下的NFT等相关词汇。
In the context of the rapid development of the Internet age, a number of new concepts can emerge every year, or old ones can be brought back into the public’s eyes because of the emergence of new topics. In contrast to the hottest “new concepts” on the Internet in 2021, it is possible to look at terms such as the meta-cosm, Web3.0, and NFTs in the chain of blocks.
这些热词以及其背后的概念出现都早于2021年，但是随着Facebook正式更名为Meta之后，元宇宙这个概念成为了资本热锅上的新肉。
These hot words and the concept behind them emerged earlier than in 2021, but with the official change of the name of Facebook to Meta, the concept of the metaspace became the new meat on the capital hotpot.
在饥饿寻找新概念突破口的众狼簇拥着下，与元宇宙稍有擦边的区块链相关概念也被揉合在一起，形成了一个乱炖大杂烩地呈现到用户的面前。面对着这一碗概念大乱炖，不仅让许多用户摸不到头脑，甚至一些从业者都很容易混乱背后的一些意义。
In the midst of wolves who seek new ways to break through hunger, the concepts associated with the chain of blocks on the edge of the meta-cosmos are also concocted, creating a mass stew that is present in front of users. Faced with this bowl, many users are left out of their minds, and even some practitioners can easily confuse some of the meanings behind it.
所以为了能让这碗汤稍微变得清澈一些，降低一些入门门槛，这里将为各位初次接触此类“前沿”词语的朋友对这些概念做一些详解。
So, in order to make the soup a little more clear and lower some entry thresholds, we would like to elaborate on these concepts for your friends who first came into contact with such “frontlines”.
这篇文章主要将对Web 3.0、元宇宙与区块链三大主要概念进行介绍，其中区块链方面会引出一些近期比较热门的GameFi以及NFT等衍生概念。
The article will focus on the three main concepts of Web 3.0, the meta-cosm and the block chain, in which some of the more popular recent GameFi and NFT derivatives are generated in the area of the block chain.
如果按照新老程度以及所囊括内容广泛性来排序的话：
In order of age and age and the breadth of the content covered:
Web 3.0 > 元宇宙 > 区块链（NFT, GameFi）
Web 3.0 > Metaspace > Block Chain (NFT, GameFi)
Web3.0
在网上冲浪yyds
surfing onlineyds
在2021年跳出的热词之中，Web 3.0可以说是最为古老的概念，即便是放到互联网发展的短暂历史中来看，Web 3.0也可以算是几乎与Web 2.0同时出现，前后相差没有几年。基本上，当用版本号来定义互联网不同时代趋势进入网络讨论语境时，就顺其自然的出现了“下一代”的概念，于是应对Web 2.0的提出，几年之后便出现了Web 3.0的概念。
Among the hot words that came out in 2021, Web 3.0 can be said to be the oldest concept, and even in the brief history of Internet development, Web 3.0 can appear almost simultaneously with Web 2.0, with few years apart. Basically, when version numbers are used to define Internet trends in different times into the context of Internet discussions, the concept of the “next generation” emerges naturally, and the concept of Web 3.0 emerges a few years later.
但是，正如当下元宇宙所遭遇的情景一样，Web 3.0也是概念乱炖的受害者之一，只要是与当前语境中Web 2.0有所不同的概念，不管是前进还是后退，都会被套入到3.0之中。
However, as in the case of the current meta-cosmos, Web 3.0 is also one of the victims of the concept of mass stew, and any concept that is different from that of Web 2.0 in the current context, whether forward or backward, will be inserted into 3.0.
也正因此，Web 3.0一直没有一个准确的定义，它一直扮演着“对外来发展趋势做出预测”的角色，很多现在已经实现的技术与内容都曾经被定义为Web 3.0，但是现在依然在讨论着“即将”进入的Web 3.0。
As a result, there has been no precise definition of Web 3.0; it has been playing the role of “predicting external trends” and many of the technologies and content that have been achieved have been defined as Web 3.0 but are still being discussed as “on-going” Web 3.0.
其实举着元宇宙大喊Web 3.0到来这种事情，中国互联网的老前辈早已做过了。
In fact, the old Chinese Internet used to do something like this with the Yuan cosmos calling out for Web 3.0.
在2002年人民大会堂举办的“世界500强CEO与中国顶级企业首脑论坛”上，刚离开新浪创立了北京点击科技有限公司，重回软件行业的王志东就曾在演讲中大胆断言：“第三代互联网时代已经到来”。
On the occasion of the World's 500-Power CEO and China's Top Business Leaders Forum, held in 2002 in the People's Hall, Wang Zhidong, who had just left Xinhua to create the Beijing Click on Science and Technology Ltd., once returned to the software industry, had boldly asserted in his speech that “the third generation of the Internet age has come”.
在当年的演讲中，王志东认为：“以“应用为王”为基础和标记的第三代互联网时代的开始，其核心是更加强调软件的力量、更加强调软件和互联网的结合，更加强调软件、互联网和具体的运用的结合以及与用户的结合，而且由于他能够更多地把互联网时代所带来的新的商业模式、新的经验都带入进来。”
In that year's speech, Wang Chidong argued that “the beginning of the third-generation Internet era, based on and marked by “applications as kings,” centred on a greater emphasis on the power of software, on the integration of software and the Internet, on the integration of software, the Internet and specific applications, and on the integration of users, and because he was able to bring into it new business models and new experiences brought about by the Internet era”.
“应用为王”这个近20年前的互联网概念，到现在已经很少有人提及，毕竟这已经算是基础认知的一部分，但是王志东认为的Web 3.0却依然在地平线上即将升起。
The concept of “applying to the king” — the Internet concept of almost 20 years ago — has been hardly mentioned, after all, as part of the basic understanding, but the Web 3.0 that Wang Chidong believes is still rising on the horizon.
同样的，2007年出现在《网络传播》杂志上的一篇名为《Web3.0猜想：即将到来的时代》文章中，也为Web 3.0做出了一些有意思的“定义”：
Similarly, an article entitled "Web 3.0 Conjecture: The Towards an Era" appeared in "Web 3.0" magazine in 2007 and provided some interesting “definitions” for Web 3.0:
三方平台信息整合，基于浏览器的网络应用，不同网站的用户数据互通，这些概念在当下早已不是什么新鲜事物，但是Web 3.0依然走在行业前沿，不断吸收更新的概念改变进化着。
Trilateral platform information integration, web application based on browsers and interconnection of user data across different websites are not new concepts at the moment, but Web 3.0 is still at the forefront of the industry, absorbing the evolution of the updated concept.
所以当更加新颖的概念，如元宇宙、区块链出现时，对于Web 3.0的展望又更新了版本，这一次加入了新的未来趋势，又离真正的进入远了一步。
So when newer concepts, such as metacosystems and block chains, emerged, the vision of Web 3.0 was updated and new future trends were added this time, one step further from the real one.
目前流行的Web 3.0定义
The current popular Web 3.0 definition
如果用游戏行业熟悉的概念来解释，Web 3.0就像是一款永远拿不到版号的游戏，永远处在测试阶段，正式开服总是“即将到来”状态。
If explained by the concepts familiar to the game industry, Web 3.0 is like a game that never gets a copy number, always at the test stage, and the formal opening is always “on the way”.
而在概念的理解上，说好听了可以认为Web 3.0是一个在不断更新改进的概念，它的定义总是当下最新的发展趋势。但是归根结底它就是个大篮子，随着时间与提起之人的不同，里边的内容在不断变化着，所以如果真想纠结它代表着什么，更多可能要看对话中的语境而不是寻找固定的意义。
In terms of conceptual understanding, it is well understood that Web 3.0 is a concept that is constantly being updated, and its definition is always the latest. But in the final analysis, it is a big basket, where the content changes over time, unlike that of the person who brought it up, so if you really want to get around what it represents, it is more likely to look at the context of the conversation rather than looking for a fixed meaning.
元宇宙
Yuan cosmos
极客的梦现实的坑
Facebook更名Meta，将重心发展转为“元宇宙”可以算是2021年互联网大事件之一，也是元宇宙进入了大众视野的唯一原因。但是与Web 3.0一样，元宇宙的概念也并非2021年出现的全新事物。
Facebook, renamed Meta, can be considered as one of the major Internet events of 2021 and as the only reason that the meta-cosmos entered public view. But, like Web 3.0, the concept of the meta-cosmos was not entirely new in 2021.
1992 年，尼尔·斯蒂芬森在他的小说《雪崩》中构建了一个反乌托邦世界，在这个世界中除了酷炫的黑客忍者之外，还有一个虚拟世界，被大多数人用来逃避备受企业资本压榨的现实生活，这个虚构的空间便是元宇宙。
In 1992, Neil Stephenson built an anti-Utopian world in his novel Avalanche, where, in addition to the cool hacker ninjas, there was a virtual world that most people used to avoid real life that was being squeezed by corporate capital, and the fictional space was the meta-cosmos.
小说中的元宇宙是一个不断发展的“街道”，不同的产品在街道上有着虚拟入口，这个街道由一个“协会”所拥有，想要在街道上开发新的入口便要交租，本质上与现实中实体经济开店模式没有区别，只是被搬入了虚拟世界中扩大了可能性。
The meta-cosmos in novels is an evolving “street”, with different products with virtual entrances in the streets, owned by an “association” that pays rent to develop new entrances in the streets, in essence no different from the real-world real-economy model, but is simply moved into the virtual world to expand possibilities.
其实在《雪崩》奠基“元宇宙”这个名称之前，“人类生活在虚拟世界”中的概念就早已存在，当时正处于网络飞速发展的时代，以游戏为代表的的人工创造现实正在逐渐成为可能，相关的猜想也就顺其自然地出现了。事实上，网络游戏也正是尼尔·斯蒂芬森创造元宇宙概念的源头。
Indeed, the concept of “human life in the virtual world” existed long before the avalanche’s founding name, “the meta-cosm,” at a time when the creation of man-made reality, represented by games, was gradually becoming possible. In fact, the idea of cyberplay was the source of Neil Stephenson’s concept of creating the meta-cosm.
并且，在《雪崩》语境下的元宇宙有个不可缺少的元素——虚拟世界。因为“街道”的基本等同于电脑或是手机的系统平台，如果我们将Windows的桌面看做一条街道，桌面上不同的图标便是街道上不同店铺的入口，尼尔·斯蒂芬森或许也是基于当时的电脑系统创作出的街道原型。
And there is an indispensable element of the meta-cosm in the avalanche context -- the virtual world. Because the "street" is basically like a system platform for computers or mobile phones, if we look at Windows' desktop as a street, the different icons on the table are the entrances to different shops on the street, and Neil Stephenson may also be based on a street prototype created by the computer system at the time.
如果我们将“用户携带虚拟现实设备亲身体验的虚拟世界”从概念中去除之后，元宇宙就只剩下一个早就已经实现了的概念，完全没有再去创新的意义。这也是现如今元宇宙概念让很多人困惑的原因之一，如果有人说要重新发明轮胎，但是随手拿出了另一个圆形的轮胎，没人会理解这里边的“重新发明”指的是什么。
If we remove the concept of the “virtual world of users with virtual real-life devices” from the concept, there is only one long-established concept in the meta-cosmos that has no meaning for innovation at all. This is one of the reasons why the concept of meta-cosm today confuses many people: if one says that they want to re-invent tyres, but with another circular tyre, no one will understand what is meant by “re-inventing” here.
即便是Facebook在转身成为Meta背后，也是意在通过其旗下Oculus的VR产品来推动其主要社交产品的发展。相比之下，许多随其之后进入元宇宙市场的企业，并没有一个能够支撑起打造“虚拟世界”这个至关重要元素的产品线，在真正实现《雪崩》中元宇宙概念上明显缺乏打造桥梁的木材。
Even on the back of Facebook’s turn into Meta, it is intended to drive the development of its major social products through the VR products of Oculus under its flag. By contrast, many firms that have subsequently entered the market in the meta-cosmos do not have a product line that can support the building of a “virtual world” as a vital element, and there is a clear lack of wood to build bridges in the real realization of the avalanche concept of the meta-cosm.
但是，在经过了前几年VR元年的爆发之后，虚拟现实目前受到了硬件发展的天花板，过高的售价导致难以扩展用户群体，因此也缺少能够有效吸引新用户的高质量应用，形成了一个软性死循环，目前只有等待VR硬件能够像手机一样开始普及，虚拟现实才能有进一步的发展。
However, after the outbreak of the VR in previous years, virtual reality is now being developed by hardware ceilings, with excessive sales prices making it difficult to expand the user community, and hence lack of high-quality applications that can effectively attract new users, creating a soft death cycle, which can only be further developed at this time if VR hardware becomes as popular as mobile phones.
也正因此，在当下的元宇宙讨论中，虚拟现实很少被提及到，更多的则是类似“街道”这个产品聚合平台的打造。
As a result, virtual realities are rarely mentioned in the current meta-cosm discussions, much more like the construction of the “street” as a platform for product convergence.
而在《雪崩》的元宇宙概念中，还有一个不可忽视的元素——交租，想要在街道上摆放（开发）新的入口，便要向掌握街道的协会支付使用金。这也是当下不少厂商趋之若鹜想要抢先打造元宇宙的原因之一，正如移动游戏初期各大平台圈流量一样，先到者将能得到更多的收益，所有人都希望做元宇宙上的第一个Apple。
In the avalanche concept of meta-cosm, there is another element that cannot be ignored – renting – that is, paying the association that owns the street for the use of the new entrance to the street. That is one of the reasons why many manufacturers are now trying to pre-create the meta-cosm, just as the flow of the major platforms at the beginning of the mobile game will yield more benefits, and everyone wants to be the first Apple on the meta-cosm.
但是正如上文提到过的，元宇宙的真正实现还需要虚拟现实相关技术的突破，目前讨论环境下提到的元宇宙概念，其实更倾向于“我要打造一个产品矩阵”，简单来说就是把一个老概念用新词重新表述一遍而已。
But, as mentioned above, the real realization of the meta-cosmos also requires a breakthrough in technology related to virtual reality. The concept of meta-cosm, which is being discussed in the current context, is more inclined to “I want to build a matrix of products”, simply to rephrase an old concept in new terms.
区块链·NFT
Block Chain NFT
技术极客创造的雪花
Snowflakes by technocrats
在面对大众讨论环境下的区块链有两种定义，一种是以比特币为代表的加密数字货币，而另一种则是分布式账本与去中心网络的基础技术。
In the context of popular discussion, there are two definitions of block chains: an encrypted digital currency, represented by bitcoin, and the basic technology of distributed books and go-to-centre networks.
用这两种概念来形容区块链都没有本质上的错误，有一种说法将区块链定义为“数字世界中进行“价值表示”和“价值转移”的技术”，比特币是区块链作为价值表示的产品，而底层的分布式账本与去中心化网络则是价值转移所倚靠的技术。
There is no substantive error in describing the block chain in either of these concepts: one term defines the block chain as “technology of “value expression” and “value transfer” in the digital world, which is the product of value in the block chain, while the bottom distribution books and decentralized networks are the technology on which the transfer of value depends.
如果用通俗一点的比喻来形容，“分布式账本”是支撑一种货币的印刷、防伪系统，而“去中心化网络”则是这种货币的分发体系，而在这之上的“价值表示”便是货币的展现方式与交换价值，它可以是硬币；可以是纸币，也可以作为数据呈现。
The “distributed account” is described as a print, anti-false system that supports a currency, whereas the “decentralized network” is the distribution system for that currency, and the “value expression” above is the way in which the currency is presented and exchanged, which can be a coin; it can be a banknote or it can be presented as data.
当下，以“价值表示”来代表区块链的时代正在远去。应用分布式账本与去中心网络技术的产品范围逐渐扩大，区块链作为基础技术属性出现的情景越来越多，因此目前区块链的概念越来越倾向一种技术而非应用技术的数字货币。
At this point, the era of “values” representing the block chain is moving away. The range of products that apply distributed books and de-centralized network technologies is expanding, and the number of scenarios in which the block chain emerges as a basic technical attribute is increasing, so that the concept of block chains is increasingly oriented towards a technology rather than a digital currency of applied technology.
但是这并没有减少目前一些产品依然用“价值表示”来作为区块链的属性，因此也就造成了一些在概念上的混乱。这其中最为常见的便是“区块链游戏”。
This, however, does not diminish the fact that some products are still “valued” as the attributes of the block chain, thus creating some conceptual confusion. The most common of these is the block chain game.
如果用“分布式账本与去中心网络”这个属性来看到区块链游戏，任谁想破脑袋都不可能搞明白。但是如果以“价值表示”的角度来看，就显然容易的很多。区块链最初产生的“价值表示”便是比特币，而在区块链游戏之中，比特币被替代成为了游戏中的道具与货币。这个语境下的区块链，更多表达的是游戏中道具交易所以来的技术与分发方式。
If you see a block chain game with the attributes of "distributed books and go-to-centre networks," it's impossible for anyone to figure it out. But if you look at it in terms of value, it's much easier. The initial "value expression" of the block chain is bitcoin, and in block chain games, bitcoin is replaced by props and money in the game.
但是正因为区块链的属性正在向底层技术转变，区块链游戏的称呼很容易让人产生困惑，因此一个更加精细化的称呼——GameFi出现了。
But precisely because the attributes of the block chain are changing to the bottom of the technology, the name of the block chain game can easily be confusing, and therefore a more refined name — GameFi — appears.
GameFi是Game（游戏）与Decentralized finance（去中心化金融/DeFi）的结合，主要描述的便是在加入了基于区块链技术做出价值交易的游戏，本质意义上与大部分区块链游戏的概念是相同的。
GameFi, a combination of Game and Decentralized Finance (decentralized finance/DeFi), describes primarily the inclusion of a value-trading game based on block chain technology, which is essentially the same concept as most block chain games.
GameFi称呼的出现，为区块链游戏释放了一些潜在的未来发展空间，那便是一些纯粹以去中心化为目标打造的娱乐性游戏，而非套着游戏外套的可交互性金融理财产品。
The emergence of the GameFi name has released some potential future development space for block-chain games, which are entertaining games designed solely to decentralize, rather than interactive financial property with game coats.
但是，因为去中心化与游戏以策划师的设计为中心的表达方式存在着本质上的冲突，加之概念出现时间尚短，导致目前游戏行业并没有一个出现只基于价值转移技术的区块链游戏，市面上的产品更多为GameFi。
However, because of the inherent conflict between decentralization and the design-centred expression of the game and the short conceptualization, there is currently no single block-link game in the game industry based solely on value transfer technology, with the market being made more of a GameFi.
而在区块链的DeFi热潮之中，浮现出了一个更具有争议的“价值表达”产品——NFT。
In the hot tide of DeFi in the block chain, a more controversial “value expression” product, NFT, emerged.
NFT全称为Non-Fungible Token，中文名叫非同质化代币。它本质上是加密货币的一种，但是我们通常谈论的比特币等产品属于“加密货币”(Cryptocurrency)，而NFT则是由其衍生而出的“代币”(Token)，也有翻译成“通证”。
NFT is called Non-Fungible Token. It is a non-homogenous token. It is essentially an encrypted currency, but the products we usually talk about, such as bitcoin, are “Cryptocurency”, whereas NFT is derived from it and translated into “Token” as well.
简单来说，如果将Cryptocurrency当成是可流通的货币，那么Token便是用货币换取而来代表一定价值的产品或数据。就如同你进入街机厅或赌场之后，用当地流通的货币换取的一个个“代币”，这些代币可以用来在街机厅/赌场（市场）之中进行相应的活动（交易）。
In short, if Cryptocurrency is treated as a negotiable currency, then Token is a product or data that represents a certain value in exchange for money. Like when you enter the arcade or casino, you exchange a currency in local circulation for a “money” that can be used to carry out the corresponding activity (trading) in the arcade/casino (market).
而在NFT之中的“非同质化”概念，则描述的是代币这个由货币换取来的产品上所出现的价值的不同。
In NFT, the concept of “dissimilarization” describes the difference in value that arises in a currency-for-money product.
两个产品的同质化，表达的是产品在价值上的趋同，两张10元的人民币在价值上没有任何的不同，而两张同样用10块钱购买物品后获得的小票，上面的编码与打印日期却必然是不同的，所以用这个小票是能够证明这个10元购买的物品“唯一性”。
The homogenization of the two products represents the convergence of the value of the product, with two 10-dollar renminbis of no difference in value, while two tickets obtained after the same purchase of the items for $10 must have been coded different from the date of printing, so using this ticket is proof of the “uniqueness” of the items purchased for the 10-dollars.
在NFT的概念之中，如果你手中的小票具有交易的价值，那么它便是一个非同质化的代币。
In the concept of NFT, if the small ticket in your hand has the value of a transaction, it is a non-homogeneous token.
目前在NFT的实际应用中，有不少将强调购买物品价值而忽视小票存在的产品，并且大众对于NFT的理解也局限于实际购买的10元物品，而忽略了能够证明唯一性的小票，两者结合起来形成了目前NFT约等同于庞氏骗局的大众印象。
At present, in the practical application of NFT, there are a number of products that emphasize the value of goods purchased while ignoring the existence of small tickets, and the public's understanding of NFT is limited to the 10 dollar items actually purchased, while ignoring small votes that can prove singularity, which together create the public impression that the current NFT app is equivalent to a Ponzi scheme.
其实从定义可以看出，NFT更倾向于有实际应用的场景，譬如在版权或是艺术品的拍卖上。某种意义上更倾向于区块链的“价值转移”技术层面，而目前更多人以“价值表示”来定义NFT显然是错误的。只是目前这种错误的定义可以吸取大量资本聚拢，NFT是否能够回归本意还有待观察。
In fact, the definition suggests that NFT is more inclined to have practical applications, such as copyrights or auctions of works of art. In a sense, there is a greater preference for the “value transfer” technical dimension of the block chain, and it is clearly wrong for more people to define NFT in terms of “values” at present. It is simply an erroneous definition that draws on a large pool of capital, and it remains to be seen whether NFT can return to its original purpose.
End
炒概念不代表没有未来
不管是元宇宙还是NFT，目前来说都处于舆论争斗的中心。一部分认为这些不过都是炒作概念的骗局，投资其中没有一分价值。一部分则将目光放在未来的发展之上，认为这些概念将是互联网的下一阶段。 Both the meta-cosmos and the NFT are currently at the centre of a battle for public opinion. Some think that these are just concoctions of ideas, with no value for investment. Some look at future developments, and think that these concepts will be the next phase of the Internet. 其实两方的观点都没有错，只看当下确实有着很多凭借炒概念来发财的投机者，但是在这些概念之下的技术也都是存在并且有很高实现价值。 It is true that there are many speculators who profit from these concepts, but the technologies under these concepts are also present and of great value. 其实每当市场出现新风口的时候，都会有不少的投机者出现。只是相比于以往一些更容易理解的风口，元宇宙与区块链的概念根植于大众很难理解的技术层面。像是共享经济出现时，即便不理解背后的资本操作，大众也能够更简单的理解“共享”的含义，即便实际出现的产品与“共享”概念毫无关联。 The concept of metacosystems and block chains is rooted in technological dimensions that are hard to understand when markets are new. When a shared economy emerges, the general public can understand the meaning of “shared” more simply, even if it does not understand the capital operations behind it, even if the products that actually emerge have nothing to do with the concept of “shared.” 不过，时间最终会戳破投机者们吹起的泡沫，随着市场的不断发展，人们最终也能对于这些新概念有更加成分的认知，对相确关产品做出正的价值判定。但这一切都建立在能够将概念放入大众这个熔炉中锻炼之下，所以目前的混乱也正是判断元宇宙、区块链真正的价值的良好契机，未来它们价值几何就让我们拭目以待吧。 However, time will eventually burst the bubbles blown by speculators, and as markets develop, people will eventually be able to recognize these new concepts with greater content, and make positive value judgements for products that are relevant to them. But all of this is based on the ability to put concepts into the crucible of the public, so the current chaos is also a good opportunity to judge the real value of the meta-cosm, the chain of blocks, and let us see what their value is in the future.
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