目前，我国区块链的应用已延伸到数字金融、智能制造、互联网、数字资产交易等多个领域。我国应抢占创新发展制高点，加强顶层设计，尽快将区块链产业纳入我国新一轮经济社会发展规划，将区块链技术作为推动我国政府治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要载体。尽快启动区块链产业“十四五”专项规划的顶层设计，加快规划建设若干国家级区块链产业园区，尽快形成产业园区集群和优势。2020年4月21日，国家发改委首次明确“新基建”范围，区块链被正式纳入其中。
At present, the application of the block chain has been extended to a number of areas, such as digital finance, smart manufacturing, the Internet, and digital asset trading. We should take advantage of the high point of innovative development, strengthen top-level design, integrate the block chain industry into our new economic and social development planning cycle as soon as possible, using block chain technology as an important vehicle for modernizing our governance system and capacity.
根据中国信通院《区块链白皮书(2019)》中的定义：区块链(Blockchain)是一种由多方共同维护，使用密码学保证传输和访问安全，能够实现数据一致存储、难以篡改、防止抵赖的记账技术。
As defined in the White Paper on Block Chains (2019) of the China Institute of Information and Communications Technology, the Block Chain (Blockchain) is a method of accounting that is jointly maintained by multiple parties, using cryptography to secure transmissions and access, capable of achieving consistent data storage, difficult to tamper with and preventing denial.
当前，以人工智能、量子信息、移动通信、物联网、区块链为代表的新一代信息技术加速突破。有人把区块链技术看作是继蒸汽机、电力、互联网之后的下一代颠覆性核心技术，认为互联网改变的是人类社会的信息传播方式，而区块链技术改变的将是人类社会的价值传递方式。目前全球主要国家都在加快布局区块链技术发展。习近平总书记在中央政治局第十八次集体学习时强调，把区块链作为核心技术自主创新重要突破口，加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展。
At present, the new generation of information technologies, represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, object networking, and block chains, is accelerating breakthroughs. Block chain technology is seen as the next generation of subversive core technologies following steam machines, electricity, and the Internet, and it is argued that the Internet is changing the way human society communicates information, while block chain technology is changing the way human society transmits values.
据不完全统计，截至目前，全国已有22个省（自治区、直辖市）将区块链写入2020年政府工作报告。
According to incomplete statistics, to date, 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) have incorporated the block chain into the report of the Government on its work in 2020.
▲资料来源：公开资料、中商产业研究院整理
Source: Public information, organized by the Chinese Industrial Research Institute.
一、区块链产业链全景图企业布局分析
从产业链来看，目前，中国区块链产业的产业链条不断完善，资本注入升温。上游包括底层技术及基础设施，中游主要是技术拓展平台及服务；下游以区块链应用为主。
From the point of view of the industrial chain, the industrial chain of China’s block chain industry is currently improving, and capital is injected into the warmth. Upstream includes lower-level technology and infrastructure, middle- and middle-stream are mainly technology extension platforms and services; downstream is dominated by block-chain applications.
▲资料来源：中商产业研究院整理
Source: Chinese Institute of Commerce and Industry.
（1）区块链产业链上游分析
区块链产业链上游是底层技术及基础设施。主要包括基矿机、芯片等硬件企业，以及基础协议、底层基础平台等企业和研究机构及高校。其中上游底层技术包括核心基础组件、协议和算法。以比特币、莱特币、以太坊为代表，搭建了基于区块链技术的分布式算法、数字秘钥、数据存储、P2P网络协议、共识机制等网络环境、交易规则及矿工加入网络节点的奖励机制，代表性企业有小蚁、量子链、万象区块链等。其中，区块链的核心技术之一共识机制，即保障系统满足不同程度的一致性，对某个提案达成一致意见。
Upstream of the block chain is bottom technology and infrastructure. These include, inter alia, hardware enterprises such as base machines, chips, as well as business and research institutions such as base agreements, bottom platforms, etc. Upstream technologies include core basic components, protocols, and algorithms. One of the core technologies of the block chain, represented by Bitcoin, Leitcoin, and Tai Tai, is a distributed algorithm, digital key, data storage, network environment such as P2P agreements, consensus mechanisms, trade rules and incentives for miners to join a network node, representing a company with small ants, quantum chains, Vientiane blocks, etc.
产业链上游基础设施则主要是矿机。近年来，加密数字货币矿机的销售额逐步攀升，到2020年全球基于ASIC的加密货币矿机市场规模（按收益计）有望突破100亿美元，预计2022年将增加至171亿美元，年复合增长率为41.3%。
Upstream infrastructure in the industrial chain is dominated by mining machines. In recent years, the sales of crypto-digital money machines have been on the rise, and the global market size of the ASIC-based crypto-money miner is expected to reach $10 billion (in return terms) by 2020, rising to $17.1 billion in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 41.3 per cent.
▲数据来源：conmarketmap、华辰资本、中商产业研究院整理
Source: Conmarketmap, Chinese Capital, Chinese Industrial Research Institute.
（2）区块链产业链中游分析
产业链中游包括智能合约、BaaS平台、信息安全、数据服务、解决方案等方面。通用应用和技术扩展层主要是利用区块链的分布式技术、密码学技术、共识算法技术、智能合约技术等，为区块链产品提供更加明确的研究方向。主要是面向开发者提供基于区块链技术的应用，是在底层技术的基础上提供智能合约、信息安全、数据服务等产品化服务，提高开发者在平台层开发应用的便捷性和可拓展性。
The general application and technology extension layer provides a clearer direction for research on block chain products, using, inter alia, distributed technology, cryptography, consensus algorithm technology, and smart contract technology. It is primarily directed to developers for applications based on block chain technology, providing product-based services such as smart contracts, information security, data services, etc. based on bottom-level technologies, and improving the ease and accessibility of developers to develop applications at the platform level.
（3）区块链产业链下游分析
(3) Downstream Analysis of Block Chain Industrial Chains
区块链垂直行业应用层是为了实现在信息全球化和数字经济盛行发展的时代，以互联网技术为基础的跨境支付、供应链金融、存证、溯源、版权保护等场景的实现，改变传统商业模式，实现新时代下的实体经济赋能。产业链下游表现为核心应用组件，包括智能合约、可编程资产、激励机制、成员管理等。服务对象分为2大类：B端服务对象：该应用仍处于起步阶段，主要有区块链+（金融、供应链管理、版权保护、教育等）。C端服务对象，我国区块链技术应用在这方面率先落地，主要有区块链+（共享经济、泛娱乐）。
The vertical sector application of the block chain is designed to achieve cross-border payments, supply chain finance, record-keeping, traceability, copyright protection, etc., based on Internet technology, in an era of information globalization and the prevailing digital economy, changing traditional business models to achieve real economic empowerment in the new era. The industrial chain is seen downstream as a core application component, including smart contracts, programmable assets, incentives, membership management, etc. The client is divided into two main categories: end-B service recipients: the application is still in its initial stages, with a chain + (finance, supply chain management, copyright protection, education, etc.).
区块链的应用及其探索经历了3个阶段，从加密数字货币领域逐渐扩展的社会的诸多领域，可以应用的场景也逐渐丰富起来，尤其是在金融行业的应用，正在逐渐走向成熟，其他领域的应用场景也在探索起步过程中，可以预见区块链未来对社会的各个领域的影响是深远的。
The application of the block chain and its exploration have gone through three stages, and the various areas of society that have gradually expanded from the area of crypto-digital money have been enriched. The application of the financial sector, in particular, is gradually maturing, while applications in other areas are beginning to explore, and the future impact of the block chain on various areas of society can be expected to be far-reaching.
二、区块链企业统计及百强榜单
数据显示，截止到2019年12月，我国提供区块链专业技术支持、产品、解决方案等服务，且有投入或产出的区块链企业突破1000家。纵观近五年我国区块链企业数量，处于快速增长时期，更有越来越多的大型IT互联网企业纷纷布局区块链。
The data show that, by December 2019, the country was providing specialized technical support, products, solutions, etc., and 1,000 block-link companies with input or output. Over the past five years, the number of block-chain enterprises has grown rapidly, and more and more large IT Internet-based enterprises are laying out a chain of blocks.
▲数据来源：赛迪、中商产业研究院整理
Source: Saidi, China Business and Industry Institute.
2019年12月28日，以“预见2020：区块链关键一年”为主题的2019年第二届中国区块链产业经济年会在北京国际金融博物馆隆重举行。据悉，此次大会以“预见2020：区块链关键一年”为主题，汇聚国家区块链相关机构领导、地方政府领导、专家学者、区块链标杆企业和媒体界代表共五百余人参加会议，总结梳理2019年产业发展脉络，展望2020年产业落地态势。会上“2019中国区块链企业百强榜”重磅发布。
On December 28, 2019, the Second Annual China Block Chain Economics Conference, held at the Beijing International Finance Museum, under the theme “Foresaw 2020: A Critical Year of the Block Chain.” It was reported that the conference, under the theme “foresaw 2020: A Critical Year of the Block Chain,” brought together over 500 leaders of relevant national block chain institutions, local government leaders, expert scholars, sector chain labels, and media representatives to sum up the industrial development landscape of 2019 and look forward to industrial landings in 2020.
据2019中国区块链企业百强榜显示：阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司、中国联合网络通讯有限公司、深圳壹帐通智能科技有限公司、腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司以及北京百度网讯科技有限公司等100家企业上榜。从上榜企业地区分布来看：在上榜企业城市分布中，以北京企业最多，占比40%，深圳杭州随后，分别有14家和11家，然后依次是上海8家，成都5家，贵阳4家，广州、南京、济南、西安均有2家企业上榜。以下是2019中国区块链企业百强榜详细情况：
According to the 100-per-cent list of Chinese block chain companies: Ali Baba Group Holdings Ltd., China United Network Communications Ltd., Shenzhen Chase Smart Technology Ltd., Trench Science and Technology Ltd., and Peking 100-degree Internet Science and Technology Ltd., 100 companies are on the list. From the regional distribution of top-list companies, Beijing accounts for the highest 40% share of businesses, Shenzhen State followed by 14 and 11 companies, followed by Shanghai 8, Chengdu 5 and Guiyang 4; Guangzhou, Nanjing, Zinan, Xian; and Xian, 2 companies. The following is a breakdown of the top 100-percent list of companies in China's 2019 regional chains:
▲资料来源：链塔智库、中商产业研究院整理
Source: Serita think tank, China Business Institute.
三、区块链行业规模及发展趋势
据IDC《全球半年度区块链支出指南》数据显示，2017年中国区块链市场支出规模约为8300万美元，2018年中国区块链市场支出规模约达1.6亿美元。现阶段区块链的总体市场规模较小，这是因为市场上的区块链项目多处于尝试阶段，投入不大。另一方面，很多企业已经认识到了区块链的潜力，计划在未来增加预算。受此影响，中国区块链市场迎来快速增长，2019年中国区块链市场支出规模约为3亿美元左右。到2022年末，市场支出规模预计达到14.2亿美元，2017–2022年的年均复合增长率为76.3%。
According to the IDC's Global Semi-annual Block Chain Expenditure Guide, the size of China's block chain expenditure was approximately $83 million in 2017, and the size of China's block chain expenditure was about $160 million in 2018. At this stage, the overall market size of the block chain is small because of the fact that the market's block chain projects are at an experimental stage with little investment. On the other hand, many enterprises have recognized the potential of the block chain and plan to increase their budgets in the future.
▲数据来源：IDC、中商产业研究院整理
Source: IDC, China Industrial Research Institute.
（1）中国或将启动中央银行数字货币
(1) China or will launch a central bank digital currency
中国一直在区块链与加密货币领域表现活跃，相当一部分最具规模的加密货币交易所都设在中国，这里也是全球采矿的绝对中心。在这样的背景之下，中央领导在演讲中正式认可区块链的重要地位，强调中国必须在这一领域占据领先优势，这一导向也令区块链行业迅速迎来规模可观的投资与研发资源。更重要的是，中国本身的业务经营空间极为巨大：近期，中国银行刚刚发行折合28亿美元的小企业金融债券。
China has been active in the area of block chains and crypto-currency, with a significant proportion of the largest encrypted currency exchanges located in China, which is also the absolute centre of global mining. Against this background, the central leadership has officially recognized the importance of block chains in its speeches, stressing that China must take a leading position in this area, and that this direction has also enabled the sector to quickly tap into sizeable investment and R & D resources.
中国目前的主要发展方向之一，在于数字货币/电子支付倡议。总体来看，尽管先期项目范围会受到一定限制，但计划本身仍将于2020年初步启动。
One of China’s main directions is currently the digital currency/e-payments initiative. Overall, although the scope of the forward projects will be limited, the plan itself will be launched initially in 2020.
（3）区块链协议间的互操作性进一步提升
随着由PegaSys开发的原生以太坊客户端HyperledgerBesu正式融入Linux基金会Hyperledger项目，我们也愈发肯定，这一波许可区块链合并浪潮已经显现，而且将在新的一年中愈演愈烈。虽然Quorum、Besu、Fabric以及Corda等主要区块链协议之间仍然存在巨大差异，但市场上已经出现一类开放性会话框架，可推动各协议顺利协作且有望令保存在不同区块链上的资产实现共存。2019年，多云区块链部署开始出现，因此2020年预计将有更多跨区块链试验项目正式亮相并取得成功。
With the formal integration into the Linux Foundation's Hyperledger project, which was developed by Pegasy’s original Ether client Hyperdger Besu, we are also more certain that this wave of consolidation of the chain of authorized blocks has become apparent and will intensify in the new year. While there are still significant differences between the major sector chain agreements, such as Quorum, Besu, Fabric, and Corda, there is already an open-door framework in the market that will facilitate smooth collaboration between the agreements and will hopefully lead to the coexistence of the assets stored on the different block chains. In 2019, the deployment of the multi-cloud block chain began, so more pilot projects on the cross-section chain are expected to be formally visible and successful in 2020.
（3）DeFi与开放金融生态系统的增长
截至2019年，DeFi生态系统上的各类应用程序已经拥有2.9亿美元总值。这一数字主要源自MakerDAO与Dai稳定币的持续增长，但与此同时，去中心化交易所、预期市场以及借贷应用的数量也在不断提升。开放金融目前得到风险投资领域的高度关注，新一年中这一趋势也将得以延续。
By 2019, various applications on the DeFi ecosystem had a total value of $290 million. This figure is largely due to the continued growth in the stable currency of MakerDAO and Dai, but at the same time the number of decentralized exchanges, expected markets, and lending applications is increasing.
（4）以太坊2.0将继续发展
作为以太坊2.0区块链客户端与组件的开发方，相关技术团队认真倾听了生态系统提出的反馈，并开始在更新与进度发布方面表现得更加积极。良好的活跃度与持续改进的势头，也让人们对于以太坊区块链抱有更加坚定的信心。到目前为止，项目一直发展良好;根据项目路线图，计划将于2020年发布的产品也有望如期而至。
As a developer of the 2.0 block chain client and component, the technical team listened carefully to the feedback from the ecosystem and started to be more active in updating and publishing. Good activity and the momentum for continuous improvement also led to greater confidence in the Ether block chain. So far, the project has been well developed; according to the project road map, the products planned for 2020 are on track.
（5）闪电网络的采用率将有所增长
闪电网络属于比特网络之上的第二层实现，可提供即时比特币与支付交易功能。通过链下数据利用与更为低廉的交易成本，闪电网络极大提高了现有比特币网络的交易速度。2020年，我们将看到第二层网络之上建立的更多应用程序、节点与通道。总体而言，随着RSK及Exonum等企业以及相关工具的不断普及，以比特币网络为基础的比特币开发生态系统将呈现出进一步增长的趋势。
By 2020, we will see more applications, nodes, and channels built on the second tier of the network. Overall, with the spread of enterprises such as RSK and Exonum and related tools, the development of the Bitcoin ecosystem based on the Bitcoin network will show a further trend of growth.
更多内容请下载中商产业研究院发布的《2020-2025年中国区块链行业市场前景研究报告》，同时中商产业研究院专业提供十四五前期重大课题研究、十四五重大项目谋划、十四五规划纲要编制、十四五专项产业规划。
For more information, please download the study on the market prospects of the Chinese block chain industry 2020-2025, published by the China Business and Industry Institute, while the Chinese Business and Industry Institute provides specialized research on major issues from the 1455s, the 1455s of major projects, the 1455s of the Plan, and the 1455s of the Specialized Industrial Plan.
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