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I.
最近，一種名為“比特幣”的網絡虛擬貨幣逐漸走進大眾視野，而來自國內媒體的一條最新消息更是進一步拉近了中國老百姓與這個特殊貨幣的距離。根據媒體報道，就在四川蘆山4·20地震后，比特幣被當做捐款匯入了壹基金的賬戶。那麼這個比特幣到底是什麼？它從哪裡來？又能做什麼？今天我們就來關注這個神秘的貨幣。
Recently, an online virtual currency called “bitcoin” has gradually moved into public view, and a recent news from the national media has brought Chinese citizens closer to this special currency. According to media reports, after the 4-20 earthquake in Sichuan Hill, Bitcoin was imported into a fund account as a contribution. So what is this bitcoin? Where does it come from? What can it do?
今天，和往常一樣，翟文杰上班以后第一件事情，就是打開電腦，登錄了一個挖掘比特幣的網站。比特幣玩家翟文杰說：“剛剛是8484，漲到8518。每分鐘都在跳動的數字是給自己的一個刺激，就是我在掙錢，我在掙錢。”看上去翟文杰開著電腦，什麼也沒干，但短短幾個小時，他的機器就自動已經挖到了0.85個比特幣。他又打開了國內最大的比特幣交易網站，今天比特幣兌換人民幣的行情是每個800元。這意味著，幾個小時的功夫，翟文杰已經賺到了七百元。
Today, as usual, the first thing that happened to him after he went to work was to open his computer and log on a web site that digs bitcoins. The Bitcoin player Xiangwenje said, "It was just 8484, up to 8518. The number that's beating every minute is an incentive for himself, and I'm making money. I'm making money." It looks like he's running a computer and nothing, but for a few hours, his machine has reached 0.85 bits. He's opened the country's largest Bitcoin trading website, and today it's 800 dollars a year. That means that he's already made $700 a few hours of kung fu.
孫敏杰也是個比特幣的愛好者，他和同事們常常討論比特幣的行情，隻要機會合適，他們就會購進一些。這個讓玩家們如痴如醉的比特幣誕生於4年前。2008 年，一個化名叫中本聰的黑客在一個隱秘的密碼學討論組上貼出了一篇研究報告，勾畫出了對比特幣的構想。2009 年，他又為這個系統建立了一個開放源代碼項目，正式宣告了比特幣的誕生。
Sun Minjie is also a fan of bitcoins, and he and his colleagues often talk about bitcoins, and they buy them just for a chance. This makes players like drunk bitcoins born four years ago. In 2008, a hacker named Nakamoto posted a study on a secret cipher discussion group, drawing up ideas about bitcoins. In 2009, he created an open source code for the system that officially announced the birth of bitcoins.
比特幣不依賴於特定的中央發行機構，而是使用遍布整個點對點網絡節點的分布式數據庫來記錄貨幣的交易，並使用密碼學的設計來確保貨幣流通各個環節安全性。用戶可以使用計算機依照規定的算法，進行大量的運算來“開採”比特幣。在“開採”時，需要用電腦搜尋64位數字，通過反復解密，並與其他淘金者相互競爭，為比特幣網絡提供所需的數據。如果用戶的電腦成功地創造出一組數字，那麼就將會獲得25個比特幣的獎勵。由於比特幣系統採用了分散化編程，所以目前在每10分鐘內隻能獲得25個比特幣。與此同時，用戶們也可以在網上的交易平台上買賣來獲取比特幣。
Bitcoins do not rely on specific central development agencies, but rather use distributed databases throughout the point-to-point network nodes to record currency transactions and use cryptographic designs to ensure the safety of currency circulations. Users can “open” bitcoins by using computer algorithms in accordance with the prescribed algorithms. In “openings”, 64 numbers need to be searched by computers, and by reverse decrypting and competing with other gold-sealers to provide the data needed for Bitcoins. If a computer succeeds in creating a set of numbers, it will be rewarded with 25 bitcoins. With decentralized programming in the Bitcoat system, 25 bitcoins are now available in every 10 minutes.
這個機房就是翟文杰“挖礦”的地方。這些是翟文杰自己改裝過的專門用來挖掘比特幣的機器。八片顯卡幾乎日夜不停地進行計算，房間裡的溫度明顯要高於外面。翟文杰說：“一共是12個礦機，在邊上還有，因為它放著散熱量太大，你手感受一下，現在都可以煮雞蛋。耗電量這一天得有60塊左右。”孫敏杰“挖礦”的機器也幾乎沒有停止過轉動。孫敏杰說：“它挖礦的原理就是有一套非常復雜的加密解密算法，做離散數列的運算，然后它平均分配給這些所有連接在網上的挖礦的人，這樣的話，就是誰貢獻的運算能力多，誰分到的也就越多。”
The engine room is the "mining of mines" by Zhowenjie. These are the machines that Zhowenji himself has adapted to dig bitcoins. Eight cards are round-the-clock calculations, and the temperature in the room is clearly higher than outside. He says, "It's a total of 12 mining machines, and on the side, because it has too much heat, and you can cook eggs by your hand. It's about 60 bucks a day." Sun Minji's "mining" machine is almost non-stop. Sun Minjie says, "It's a very sophisticated method of decryptation and dispersibility, and then it is distributed equally to all those connected to mining on the Internet, so who gives more money, and who gets more."
雖然是看不見摸不著的虛擬貨幣，但是比特幣已經變得不容忽視了。4月23日，壹基金宣布，已收到意向捐贈50個比特幣。這是比特幣在中國第一次成為捐贈物。而在遙遠的歐洲小國塞浦路斯，比特幣也風光了一把。今年以來，塞浦路斯政府對儲戶的銀行存款征稅。而人們突然發現，不受管制的虛擬貨幣比特幣可以避稅，也可以和美元等多種貨幣兌換，這減少了他們的財富流失。在塞浦路斯街頭，甚至出現了比特幣的提款機。那麼在玩家們的眼裡，比特幣到底是什麼？有人認為它和黃金一樣貴重，但也有人認為它一文不值。北京安邦咨詢有限公司研究員劉梟說：“相比黃金而言，它最大的缺陷就是它只是一個二進制的一個文件。”
On April 23, a fund announced that it had received an intention to donate 50 bits of money. This was the first time that bitcoin had become a donation in China. In the far-off small European country of Cyprus, bitcoin was a hit. This year, the Cyprus government taxed bank deposits of depositors.
盡管關於比特幣的爭論沒有共識，但是所有的人都看到，世界上沒有任何一種貨幣比虛擬貨幣比特幣的增長軌跡更加刺激。在2011年，曾經有報道說，過去一年漲幅最高的貨幣是澳元，它兌美元的漲幅是27%﹔然而同樣的一年之內，比特幣兌美元，卻是從0.5美元，漲到了13美元，漲幅高達2600%。並且比特幣絲毫沒有放鬆大漲的勢頭，今年四月的比特幣更是一路沖到了一比特幣兌換266美元！驚人的比特幣行情，讓一批人搭上了這趟財富的過山車。
Although there is no common understanding of the debate about bitcoins, everyone sees that there is no currency in the world that is more exciting than the virtual currency’s growth trajectory. In 2011, there were reports that the highest increase in the past year was the Australian dollar, which rose 27 per cent to the dollar; in the same year, however, Bitcoins increased from US$ 0.5 to US$ 13, rising by 2,600 per cent. And Bitcoins did not relax, and in April this year’s bitcoins hit a bit more than a bit of the dollar for US$ 266.
在全球最大的挖比特幣的網站上，有一個代碼為67717的帳號，始終排在挖礦數量的第一名。翟文杰說：“國內超級玩家，這個人他們是個公司，公司化的挖礦，他們這個叫烤貓，深圳的一家公司。你看它的ID，全網，全世界排名第一。”根據公布的運算能力算來，這家僅有四個人的公司每天挖到比特幣財富的數量十分驚人。翟文杰說：“它(運算力)是7549G一天能產生357個。現在357個，簡單的按800元(每比特幣)算的話，一天是28萬6千元。”
On the world's largest bitcoin-digging website, there's an account code 67717, which is the first in a row in the number of mines. He says, "The country's superplayers, this man is a company, corporate diggers, they're a baked cat, Shenzhen's company. You look at its ID, the whole network, and the world's number one." According to published computing power, this company, with only four individuals, digs the amount of bitcoins' wealth every day. He says, "It's 7549 G, which produces 357 a day. Now 357, based on 800 dollars (per bit) per day, is 286,000 a day."
不光是挖礦者，制就連造挖礦機的人也成了億萬富翁。這台機器是一個網名叫南瓜張的博士改裝的，用它挖比特幣的運算速度遠遠地超過了一般的顯卡挖礦機。翟文杰說：“今年已經掙很多錢了，他(南瓜張)賣了一批是600個單位，當時算是4萬人民幣一台其實很簡單600台就是2400萬，它第一批第二批的研發費用這一批全賺回來了”
It's not just a miner, it's also a billionaire. The machine is modified by a doctor named pumpkin Chang, who uses it to dig bitcoins faster than the usual card miner. He says, "This year he made a lot of money, he sold 600 units, and it was a simple 40,000 yuan, which was 24 million dollars, and the first batch of its research cost came back."
不僅如此，國內最大的比特幣交易網站也是日進斗金。翟文杰說：“它的手續費是0.3%，千分之三的樣子。像現在交易8400個(比特幣)，千分之三它就賺到了24個，現在我們一算就是2萬人民幣了，它只是交易的，它買家賣家都收，它賺到了4萬8。”
Not only that, but the country's largest Bitcoin trading website is also a Japanese gold. He says, "It's worth 0.3%, three-thousand cents. Like the 8,400 (bitcoins) deal now, it makes 24 cents, and now we're 20,000 yuan, it's just a trade, it's a buyer, and it earns 48,000."
翟文杰親眼目睹了太多的人靠比特幣發家。他覺得自己再也不能錯過這次機會。於是他花了840個比特幣，從南瓜張那裡訂了十二台挖礦機。如果按現在一個比特幣800元的市價計算，這批挖礦機已經價值近70萬元。新的機器會比翟文杰現在挖礦用的機器效率高十幾倍，翟文杰算了筆帳，新機器一天可以挖到24個比特幣，一個月便可以收回所有的成本。
So he spent 840 bits and ordered 12 diggers from pumpkins. If the current market price of 800 dollars for a bit, the mine was worth nearly $700,000. The new machine would be ten times more efficient than the machine used to dig the mine now, and the new machine would be able to dig 24 bits a day and recover all the costs a month.
同樣嘗到了比特幣甜頭的孫敏杰也剛剛下了挖礦機的訂單，他和他的同事們從美國買來了五台挖礦機。然而，比特幣的“金礦”並不是取之不盡用之不竭，根據創始人中本聰的設計，比特幣的總量隻有2100萬個，目前比特幣的貨幣生產速度是每10分鐘25個新比特幣。但是每四年，比特幣產出的數量就會減半，直到達到數量上限。隨著挖掘的人增多，每個參與者能挖到的幣也會越來越少。
He and his colleagues, however, bought five mining machines from the United States. However, Bitcoin's “gold mines” are not inexhaustible. According to the original designs, there are only 21 million bitcoins, and now Bitcoins produce 25 new bitcoins every 10 minutes. But every four years, Bitcoins produce half as much as they reach the upper limit.
因此，對於礦工們來說，時間十分的寶貴。翟文杰說，下個月，等他新的挖礦機到了，他打算給它們安排個新家，甚至還要請個“保姆。”
So, for the miners, time is a lot of money. He says, next month, when his new miner arrives, he's planning to get them a new home and even a nanny.
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