比特币近期频频刷屏，除了亮眼的造富故事，“过山车”行情再次来临。作为芸芸众生，我们也很想窥探比特币的奥秘。很多人都是近几年才认识比特币，目前比特币也不是普通人能驾驭的投资对象。但是如果又一个类似“比特币”的新事物来临，我们能否早早地搭上财富顺风车，走一程？
Bitcoin has been brushed a lot in recent times, and in addition to a bright, rich story, the "car race" has come back. As human beings, we would also like to see the mystery of bitcoin. Many people have known bitcoin in recent years, and bitcoin is not the target of investment that ordinary people can manage. But if another new thing like Bitcoin comes along, can we get a ride of wealth early enough?
2021年2月22日，比特币创历史新高，每个高达58000美元，总市值超过了1万亿美元。从3万美元急速上升到58000美元，大概只用50天，描绘出一条陡直的K线图。
On February 22, 2021, Bitcoin reached an all-time high of $58,000 each, with a total market value of over $1 trillion. From $30,000 to $58,000, it took about 50 days to draw a steep K-line map.
2月26日，有媒体透露，美国证券交易委员会计划调查马斯克，因其涉嫌利用自己的名人影响力，导致狗狗币等虚拟电子货币快速涨价，新闻一出，比特币为首的电子货币价格暴跌。
On 26 February, the media revealed that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission planned to investigate Muskeh, who was suspected of using his own celebrity influence, leading to a rapid increase in the price of virtual electronic currencies, such as dog coins, and a sharp drop in the price of electronic currencies, led by Bitcoin, as soon as news came out.
截至2月28日15时30分，比特币急速跌至4.4万美元附近，一天左右时间，约9.6万币民惨遭爆仓，总爆仓金额约6.68亿美元。
As at 1530 hours on 28 February, Bitcoin had fallen rapidly near $44,000, and about 96,000 dollars had been destroyed in a day or so, with a total of approximately $668 million.
新加坡国立大学客座教授白士泮指出，比特币总量固定，目前生产又变缓，很多机构参与投资，推动了比特币价格上涨。少数大户正在掌控大部分比特币，市场缺少透明性，价格容易被大户操控，起伏波动剧烈，对于普通交易者，风险很大。
The guest professor at the National University of Singapore, Paik Shiu, pointed out that Bitcoins were fixed, production was now slow, and many institutions were involved in investment, driving up the price of Bitcoins. A small number of large households were controlling most of the bitcoins, the market was not transparent, prices were easily controlled by large households, volatile and risky for ordinary traders.
约十年前，有人用比特币第一次购物，1万面值的比特币只换了两个披萨。如今，1万比特币就是4至5亿多美元，涨了多少倍？比特币暴涨中，演绎过很多造富神话。
About 10 years ago, someone used bitcoin for the first time, and 10,000-faced bitcoins for only two pizzas. Today, 10,000 bitcoins are more than $400 to $500 million, how many times?
它是“仙”？
2008年，一个网名为中本聪的人（真人从来没露过脸），在网络发表了《比特币：一种点对点式的电子现金系统》的文章，由此，比特币开始征服全球。
In 2008, an article entitled " Bitcoin: a point-to-point electronic cash system ", was published on the Internet by an online person known as the Man of the Middle East (who has never shown his face), as a result of which Bitcoin began to conquer the world.
比特币是区块链技术的第一个成功应用，它把区块链技术带进大众的视野。如今，区块链技术不仅应用于金融行业，还广泛应用于电子政务、知识产权、电子存证等各行各业。
Bitcoin is the first successful application of block chain technology, bringing block chain technology into the eyes of the public. Today, block chain technology is applied not only to the financial sector, but also to e-government, intellectual property, electronic record-keeping, etc.
概括来说，比特币是虚拟的电子货币，基于区块链技术，是由程序产生的货币，按照程序的规则产生，有以下几个主要特性：
In summary, Bitcoin is a virtual electronic currency, based on block chain technology, which is a currency generated by the process and produced in accordance with the rules of the procedure, with the following main characteristics:
1.总数量有限，不会超发引起通货膨胀。每创建21万个区块后，生产数量会减半，如今，减半已经发生了两次，按照算法，越到后面，生产越来越难，大概到2140年左右，比特币总数将达到2100万，以后将不再有新的比特币产生。
1. The total amount of production is limited and does not exceed inflation. For every 210,000 blocks created, production will be halved. Today, it has been halved twice. By algorithm, production will be more and more difficult. By around 2140, the total number of bitcoins will be 21 million and no new bitcoins will be generated.
2.采用分布式记账方式，去中心化，不需要发行机构，只要登录互联网，就可以全球交易。
2. Decentralizing, using a distributed accounting system, without the need for issuers to access the Internet for global transactions.
3.不需要政府许可，也不像传统货币，无需银行参与。
3. There is no need for government permission or for banking involvement, unlike traditional currencies.
4.严谨的加密算法，让任何人无法伪造，交易方便并安全。
4. Strict encryption algorithms make it impossible for anyone to falsify, facilitate and secure transactions.
5.良好的匿名性，很好地保障了交易方的隐私。货币只认技术，不识别拥有者，也不管账户拥有者的身份，也无需和银行卡绑定，有和陌生人自由的交易。这个特征，在非法交易中，受买卖双方的喜爱。
Good anonymity guarantees the privacy of the parties to the transaction. The currency is technical, does not recognize the owner or the identity of the account holder, and does not need to be tied to a bank card or deal freely with strangers.
它是“妖”？
It's a demon?
比特币也有缺点：
Bitcoin also has shortcomings:
1.比特币的“挖矿”场，大量的“矿机”在运转，这些机器都是高性能的特种计算机，利用芯片进行大量运算。从理论上来说，拥有更多的高性能矿机，挖的矿也越多，这些机器运算过程中，又散发了巨大的热量，所以常常看到矿机上，以及矿场的货架上，大量的风扇在运转，有些矿场，干脆建设在发电站旁边，投入巨额的硬件成本，以及耗费大量的电力，就为挖比特币。
Bitcoin's “mining” fields, with a large number of “mine machines” operating, are specialized high-performance computers that use chips for a large number of calculations. In theory, with more high-performance machines, and more mines that are mined, and with huge amounts of heat distributed during the calculation process, a large number of fans are operating, some mines are being built next to power stations, huge hardware costs are being invested, and large amounts of electricity are being used to dig bitcoins.
2.随着比特币被大众所知，很多炒友盲目地炒作，比特币价格上蹿下跳，逐步脱离了货币的稳定性特征，和投机品走一样的路线，也有专家认为，和郁金香炒作一样，比特币迟早会跌落神坛。
2. As Bitcoin became known to the general public, many of the disillusioned friends were blindly punctuated, the prices of bitcoin jumped, gradually dissipated from the stability of the currency, followed the same route as speculation, and it was also argued that, like tulips, it would sooner or later fall into the altar.
3.交易的匿名性，是黑色交易的最爱，某些犯罪行为如果采用比特币作为赎金，则加大破案难度。
3. The anonymity of transactions is the favorite of black transactions, and certain criminal acts make it more difficult to solve when Bitcoin is used as ransom.
4.比特币总量固定，只会导致价值持续上升，很多人囤积、期待升值，这样一来，流通性会大幅减少，失去货币的流通功能。
4. The fixation of the total amount of bitcoins can only lead to a sustained rise in value, with many hoarding and expectations of appreciation, which can lead to a significant reduction in liquidity and loss of the liquidity of money.
比特币具有总量固定、无政府、匿名性等特征，在黑市和暗网，比特币大受欢迎，所以，各国的政策来了。
Bitcoin has the characteristics of a fixed volume, anarchy, anonymity, etc., and in the black market and the dark web, bitcoin is highly popular, so national policies have come in.
各个国家对比特币等虚拟货币的监管一般分为三种：
The regulation of virtual currencies, such as bitcoin, is generally divided into three categories in each country:
1.严加管控。例如中国、俄罗斯等国家。
1. Strict control. Countries such as China, Russia, etc.
2013年12月，中国人民银行等五部委联合下发《关于防范比特币风险的通知》，文中明确，比特币只是特定的虚拟商品，没有国家货币等同的法律地位，严禁作为货币在市场上流通使用。
In December 2013, the People's Bank of China and five other ministries issued a circular on protection against the risk of Bitcoin, which clearly states that Bitcoin is only a specific virtual commodity, has no legal status equivalent to the national currency and is strictly prohibited from being used as a currency in the market.
同日公布《比特币相关事宜答记者问》，文中指出，比特币只是互联网上的一种特殊商品，大众自行承担风险的前提下，具有参与交易的自由。
The same day, the Bitcoin-related Answers to Journalists was published, stating that Bitcoin is only a special commodity on the Internet and that the general public has the freedom to participate in the transaction at its own risk.
2.采取限制性措施。美国要求相关机构执牌照经营，但是牌照颁发很谨慎且数量少；韩国禁止匿名交易，目的是防范洗钱等犯罪，日本政府严格要求交易所要落实反洗钱措施。
2. Restrictive measures. The United States requires the relevant agency to carry out its business with a licence plate, but the license plate is issued in a prudent and small number; anonymous transactions are prohibited in the Republic of Korea with the aim of preventing offences such as money-laundering, and the Government of Japan strictly requires the exchange to implement anti-money-laundering measures.
3.不加限制。例如新加坡，只需业务报备即可，很多创新型区块链企业前往新加坡，也有人称新加坡是虚拟货币的天堂，很多虚拟货币的ICO是在新加坡举行，
3. Unrestricted. In Singapore, for example, business reporting is all that is needed, many innovative sector chain businesses go to Singapore, others call Singapore a virtual currency paradise, and many virtual currency ICOs are held in Singapore.
新加坡国立大学商学院副教授傅强认为，比特币是一种风险资产，比特币与各国的法定货币处于对立面，未来很可能受到各国政府更严格的管控，投资者需高度警惕风险。
According to Fuqiang, an associate professor at the National University of Singapore Business School, Bitcoin is a risky asset that is opposed to national legal currencies and is likely to be subject to tighter government controls in the future, requiring investors to be very vigilant.
开源证券分析师赵伟指出，黄金以及美债等能成为优质避险资产，因为具备价格稳定性、流动性强、市值大等因素，与风险资产相比，黄金避险特征还在于能够对冲风险。与黄金相比，比特币价格波动幅度大、流动性弱、市值也小。查历史数据，当风险资产剧烈波动时，比特币经常跌幅加大，与黄金走势常常出现反方向，表现比黄金等避险资产差距很大。
According to Open Source Securities Analyst Zhao Wei, gold and United States debt can become high-quality hedge assets because of price stability, liquidity, and high market value, which are still characterized by hedge risk compared to risk assets. Compared to gold, Bitcoins have high volatility, weak liquidity, and low market value.
另外，黄金除了能做成人民喜爱的首饰，也是工业上的重要原料，应用很广，仪器仪表制造业、电子工业、宇航工业等等都离不开黄金，但是比特币除了能做虚拟货币，还能干啥呢？其价格，完全是由买卖方炒作出来的。
In addition, in addition to making people's favorite jewellery, gold is an important industrial raw material, and its applications are extensive. The instrument manufacturing industry, the electronics industry, the aerospace industry, etc., cannot be separated from gold, but what else can Bitcoin do, in addition to making virtual money?
全产业链都有造富神话
There's the myth of wealth in the whole chain.
不管是“仙”还是“妖”，比特币造就了很多富豪，经常看到新闻报道，某某90后因为比特币成为大富豪，很多人羡慕并想成为这些富豪。
Whether it is Xian or Qi, Bitcoin makes a lot of rich people, often watching news reports that after some 90 years, many people envy and want to be these rich ones because bitcoin becomes a lot of rich people.
比特币发展多年，各个环节都有了规模，这些环节组成了一个庞大的比特币产业链。目前整个比特币可以分发明、挖矿、交易、服务等环节，每个环节都曾出现了超级富翁。
1.发明
Bitcoin has been growing for years, and the links have been large, forming a huge bitcoin industrial chain. The entire bitcoin has now been able to distribute the links of clarity, mining, trading, services, and so on, and each of them has been super-rich.
1.
2009年，一个网名叫中本聪的人，第一次发布一种加密电子货币的设计思路，并命名 “比特币”。根据比特币专家Sergio分析，中本聪是第一名矿工，他第一次挖出了100万个左右，在后面的十年中，中本聪可能持续增加了数量。
In 2009, for the first time, a web-based person named Bennett published an idea for the design of an encrypted electronic currency and named “bitcoin.” According to an expert in Bitcoin, Sergio, he was the first miner to dig around 1 million for the first time, and in the following decade he may have continued to grow in numbers.
比特币发明人中本聪，理论上成为了世界首富。中本聪精通计算机编程、加密算法、电子货币等技术，是跨多个行业的天才，这种天才也理应获得巨额财富。现在，区块链技术正在各行各业加快应用，带来社会效益巨大。
2.挖矿
Inventors of Bitcoin are the world’s richest, theoretically. China’s masters of computer programming, encryption algorithms, electronic money, etc., are geniuses across industries, and they deserve huge wealth. Now, block-chain technology is accelerating its application in all walks of life, bringing great social benefits.
2.
比特币矿机经历几个阶段：服务器挖矿 →显卡挖矿 → FPGA挖矿 → ASIC专用芯片挖矿→集团军挖矿
Bitcoin machines go through several stages: server mining, graphic card mining, FPGA mining, ASC chip mining, gang mining.
十年前，笔者曾经从网上淘了一些服务器，计划挖比特币，结果同学聚会时，被同学嘲笑了一番，错过了成为早期的矿工。看来，“真理掌握在少数人手中”也许是对的，因为当时大部分人都不看好比特币。
Ten years ago, I ran a few servers from the Internet and planned to dig bitcoin, and when my classmates met, they laughed at them and missed becoming early miners. It seems that “the truth is in the hands of a few” might be right, because most people didn't see bitcoin at the time.
比特币矿机作为比特币产业链的上游设备，也经历过暴利期、稳定期，有时也和比特币一样，经历地狱和天堂。
Bitcoin machines, as upstream equipment in the Bitcoin industrial chain, have also experienced periods of profit, stability and, in some cases, hell and paradise, as has been the case with Bitcoin.
2009年1月4日，比特币民众化挖矿时期开启；2010年9月，因为显卡擅长并行运算，插满显卡的矿机开始流行；2013 年初,专用ASIC芯片的矿机出现, ASIC矿机时代来临。
On 4 January 2009, the period of popular mining in Bitcoin began; in September 2010, a card-filled mine began to become popular because of its ability to operate in parallel; and early in 2013, a mine dedicated to ASIC chips emerged and the ASIC miner era began.
网络资料记载，卡尔森创办了北美最大比特币矿场，是第一个成为百万富翁的矿工。
The network documented that Carson had created the largest bitcoin mine in North America, the first miner to become a millionaire.
比特币大型矿场，往往是一排又一排的货架，上面摆满高速运转的矿机，这些专业矿机在各大电子商务平台一般都有销售。专业矿机生产商也成为了造富基地。
Bitcoin large mines, often rows and rows of shelves, are equipped with high-speed miners, which are generally sold on various large e-commerce platforms. Professional miner producers have also become a source of wealth.
数据统计，在2019年胡润百富榜中,区块链从业者上榜人数达到15人,其中从事矿机生产的有五人。
3.比特币交易
According to the data, in 2019, the number of block chain operators reached 15, of whom five were involved in mining machine production.
3. Bitcoin trading
天下生意，敢于尝新，唯早不败，早期从事比特币交易的人，如果能沉下心囤币，大多数赚得盆满钵满。
Businesses in the world, dared to take a new turn, would never lose, and most of those who were trading in bitcoin at an early stage would make a huge fortune if they were able to sink and hoard their currency.
其实，交易比特币的人大概分四类：
In fact, there are four categories of people who deal in bitcoin:
（1）及时收手型
(1) Hand-out in a timely manner
周边也有朋友，比较早接触比特币，抱着玩玩的态度，少量投资了一些，结果大涨到一万多人民币后抛售，也有投资者因为前期的暴跌，提前获利出局，发现比特币继续猛涨，又不敢追高，结果，干脆远离了。
There were friends around, early contact with bitcoin, a little investment, and the result was a huge rise to more than 10,000 yuan and then a sale, and some investors, as a result of the precipitous fall, made an early exit, found that bitcoin continued to surge and was afraid to pursue it, and as a result, they were simply far away from it.
（2）短线炒作型
(2) Short-line filamentary
有些人买了比特币，就像炒股票一样，喜欢短期炒作，来回买卖，忙得不亦乐乎，结果却发现，经常踩不准节奏，赚的人不多，甚至赔的人也很多，也有些高手反复高抛低吸，有不菲的收获。
Some people buy bitcoin, like stock-breeding, like short-term snobs, buys and sells back and forth, and find that often they can't step on the rhythm, make a lot of money, even make a lot of money, and some of the best men do it again and again and make a lot of money.
（3）委屈型
(3) Discriminative
有些人敢于尝鲜，早期买了一些，结果忘记密码，比特币钱包只认密码，不认人，相当于观望者。
Some people dared to taste it, bought it at an early stage and forgot the password. Bitcoin wallets only know the code, they don't recognize people, they're like visitors.
（4）长期持有型
(4) Long-term holdings
也有些投资高手，长期持有比特币，此类人数量不多，让他们坚持长期持有的信念是，比特币数量是固定的，随着全球投资者参与，会越来越值钱。结果，这类人才是完美玩家，长期囤比特币，收获了巨额财富。
There are also some very good investors, who hold bitcoins for a long time, and who are small enough to insist on the long-held belief that bitcoins are fixed and are increasingly valuable as global investors participate. As a result, such people are perfect players, hoarding bitcoins for a long time and reaping enormous wealth.
4.比特币服务
4. Bitcoin services
比特币火爆，服务产业也很赚钱，例如电子货币发行平台、交易平台，往往平台既从事发行也从事交易，有人因此也获得了丰厚的利润。
Bitcoin explodes and the services industry earns money, such as e-money distribution platforms, trading platforms, which often engage in both distribution and trading, and for which some are profiting well.
H开头的比特币平台交易费率是0.2%。如果一枚比特币交易价值为10万人民币，那么，从事一次交易就要扣除200块钱。所以平台和股市交易所一样，鼓励并希望大家频繁交易，不管交易者赚还是亏，平台都赚钱，平台的创办团队，也赚得不亦乐乎。
The transaction rate for the Bitcoin platform begins with 0.2%. If a bitcoin transaction is worth 100,000 yuan, then 200 dollars is deducted for a single transaction. So, like the stock market exchange, the platform encourages and hopes to make frequent transactions, and the platform earns money, as well as the team that started the platform.
5.其他
5. Other
很多商界名人，也参与了比特币的投资，让比特币知名度大幅提升。
A large number of business celebrities have also been involved in Bitcoin investments, leading to a significant increase in the visibility of Bitcoin.
2013年12月，据香港《南华早报》发布信息，“超人”李嘉诚通过旗下的公司投资从事比特币业务的公司，投资数额未知。有众多投资人，跟风李超人，比特币猛涨一波，有媒体说，李超人因此获利颇丰。
In December 2013, the Hong Kong South China Morning Post published information that “Superman” Lee Ka-chung had invested in companies operating in Bitcoin through his own company, with an unknown amount of investment. There were a large number of investors, following a wave of windy, bitcoin booms, and some media reported that Superman Lee was very profitable as a result.
特斯拉首席执行官马斯克，在网络大力推广狗狗币，结果狗狗币和比特币猛涨一波，马斯克大赚一笔，接着，有报道称美国证交会将调查马斯克。结果，虚拟货币市场大跌。也有网友怀疑，马斯克猛赚一笔后，提前跑路了。
Chief Executive Officer Tesla Muske, who promoted dog money on the Internet, made a huge leap in dog coins and bitcoins, and then there were reports that the SEC would investigate Muske. As a result, the virtual money market fell.
依靠比特币发财的富翁需要什么能力？首先是要有长远的投资眼光。十年前，多数人看不清比特币时，你要看好它，得有坚定的信心，因为，比特币是很好的投机产品，比特币的匿名性，让它成为黑色交易的最爱……
What is the ability of rich people who depend on bitcoin for their wealth? First, they need a long-term investment perspective. Ten years ago, when most people can't see bitcoin, you have to look at it and have firm confidence, because bitcoin is a good speculative product, bitcoin's anonymity, making it a favorite of the black deal.
接着，找准自己擅长的环节参与进去，发明、挖矿、交易、服务等其中哪个环节都行。别人不看好时，坚持自己的独特见解，尽量早期参与，成本会很低。
Then you can find yourself a part of what you're good at, in which you can invent, dig, trade, or service. People who don't like it, stick to their own unique ideas, and get involved as early as possible, at a very low cost.
我们眼睁睁看着比特币这辆财富列车，成为疯狂的赛车，离普通人原来越远，已经赶不上了，所以建议普通投资者，如今看看比特币怎么演戏就行了。最主要的，是潜心研究通过比特币获得巨额财富的人，学习他们的经验，去寻找未来的新财富列车。造富机会迟早还会有，成功永远属于有准备的人。
We look at Bitcoin’s wealth train as a crazy race, far away from ordinary people, and we can’t catch it, so we advise ordinary investors to see how Bitcoin acts now. The most important thing is to delve into people who gain enormous wealth through Bitcoin, learn their experience, and find new wealth trains for the future. Sooner or later, there will be opportunities for wealth creation, and success will always be for those who are prepared.
各位读者，您身边是否有朋友投资比特币，他们是成功了还是失败了？
Readers, do you have friends who have invested in bitcoin, who have succeeded or failed?
作者：石岩
Author: Stone
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