今年堪称数字货币寒冬，比特币价格自年初的约1.7万美元大幅下滑至6800美元。然而，长期视角下，比特币市场需求仍有增长预期，故其反弹之势仅是时间问题。
This is a cold year for digital currencies, and bitcoin prices have fallen sharply to $6,800 since the beginning of the year, about $17,000. However, from a long-term perspective, there are still expectations of growth in Bitcoin’s market demand, so the rebound is only a matter of time.
比特币的持续下跌引发了众多投资者对抄底时机的洞察，并激发了投身比特币挖矿的热情。欲独立挖掘比特币，拥有一台专用矿机不可或缺。本文简述比特币矿机的相关知识。
The continuing decline in Bitcoin has generated insight into the timing of the downfall by many investors, and has inspired enthusiasm to invest in bitcoin mining. It is indispensable to have a dedicated miner in order to independently dig bitcoin.
起初，人们利用自家或公司电脑上的CPU进行挖矿，随后挖矿人数激增，算力随之攀升，挖矿难度水涨船高，导致大众转而采用GPU（显卡）挖矿，以致一时之间显卡供不应求，各大电商平台纷纷告罄。随后，GPU算力触及瓶颈，为突破这一限制，专业比特币矿机应运而生。
Initially, people used CPUs on their home or company computers to dig, and then the number of digs rose, with arithmetic rising, and the difficulty of digging increased, leading to a general shift to GPUs, so that the supply of cards was out of order, and major power-market platforms ran out. Then, GPU computing touched the bottleneck, and professional bitcoin machines were born to break the limit.
2012年底，美国首现比特币矿机生产商，2013年3月，中国更是孕育出全球首款现货矿机。矿机本质上是一类专为挖掘比特币等加密货币、执行哈希运算设计的计算机设备，除此之外别无他用。
At the end of 2012, the country’s largest producer of bitcoin machines, and in March 2013, China produced the world’s first cash miner. The miner is essentially a type of computer device designed to exploit encrypted currency, such as bitcoin, and to carry out Hash’s calculations.
需注意的是，比特币矿机仅适用于挖掘比特币，莱特币矿机则专挖莱特币，二者无法互通。原因在于，挖矿实质上是一种运算竞赛，比特币生成过程中，一群人在解答系统给出的一道超高难度数学题——即哈希运算，率先解出者即可获取相应区块内的比特币。挖矿正是一个不断突破运算极限的过程，矿机的一切配置皆须服务于提升算力，方能在竞争中胜出。因此，那些运算能力不足的矿机极易被淘汰出局，沦为废铁。
It is important to note that the Bitcoin mine is only used to dig bitcoin, and the Lightcoin mine is not interoperable. The reason is that mining is essentially an arithmetic competition in which a group of people respond to a very difficult mathematical question given by the system – that of Hashi – that the first person to solve the problem can get bitcoin within the appropriate block.
为何个人必须加入“矿池”才有望挖得比特币？如若现今采取个人SOLO挖矿方式，实际上几乎不可能成功挖掘到比特币。因现今挖矿已步入规模化时代，个人唯有与矿池携手才能实现盈利。
It is virtually impossible to dig into Bitcoin if we do so today. Now that mining is in the age of scale, individuals can only make a profit by working with the ponds.
所谓矿池，即是伴随着挖矿参与者日益增多、算力不断提升，单个矿工发现新区块的概率愈发微弱，收益亦变得极不稳定。即使一个普通规模的矿场，可能一整个月都无法找到一个区块。为扭转此局面，有人提出将大家的算力集结一处，共同挖掘，然后将所得区块奖励按照贡献的算力占比公平分配，以此提高收益并确保稳定性。如此这般汇集多方算力的集体，便是矿池。目前全球排名前十的矿池，约七家为中国矿池所有。
In order to reverse this situation, it has been proposed that the sum of the sum of the sum should be collected together, and that the resulting block should be distributed equitably according to the value of the contribution, thereby increasing the returns and ensuring stability. This is the collective way in which the multiplicity of the calculus can be gathered. About seven of the world’s top 10 ponds are owned by Chinese ponds.
矿工在参与矿池时，可选择两种主流合作模式：PPS和PPLNS。
In participating in the ponds, miners can choose two models of mainstream cooperation: PPS and PPLNS.
PPS模式：矿池依据矿工在矿池内占据的总算力百分比，向矿工每日发放相对固定的收益。例如，若你的矿机算力为1T，而矿池总算力为100T，则你在矿池中的算力占比为1%。矿池会基于当前挖矿难度及全球总体算力，预计矿池每日所能发现的区块数量，随后按比例向你发放相应的比特币奖励。
For example, if your mine machine is 1T and your pool is 100T, your capacity in the pond is 1%. Based on the current difficulty of digging and the global economy, the pond is expected to discover the number of blocks per day, and then the corresponding bitcoin reward is given to you on a pro rata basis.
PPLNS模式：矿池会根据过去N个股份来分配收益，意味着一旦矿池发现了一个新区块，所有矿工会依据各自贡献的算力份额分配区块中的新生成比特币。
PPLNS model: The pool distributes the proceeds on the basis of past N shares, meaning that once a new block is discovered in the pond, all mining unions distribute the newly generated bitcoin in the block according to their respective contribution numeracy share.
PPLNS模式与PPS模式的主要区别在于，在PPS模式下，比特币分红由矿池预先支付给矿工，故只要矿工的矿机运行稳定，每日获得的比特币数量便相对稳定；而在PPLNS模式下，一定时间内获取的比特币数量带有一定程度的随机性。
The main difference between the PPLNS model and the PPS model is that, under the PPS model, bitcoin is paid in advance by the pit to the miners, so that the amount of bitcoins received per day is relatively stable as long as the miner's machine is stable, while under the PPLNS model, the amount of bitcoins acquired over a certain period of time is somewhat random.
矿机由芯片、散热风扇、电池等多个部件组成，其中，芯片为核心组件，直接影响着矿机挖掘数字货币的效率。因此，矿机制造商需具备极高的研发实力，与全球不断提升的算力进行竞争，展示出与时俱进的科技实力。所以，选择矿机时，首要考虑的是选择实力强大、信誉良好的品牌与团队。
Miners are made up of multiple components, such as chips, radiators, batteries, which are core components that directly affect the efficiency of mining machines to dig digital money. Thus, mine manufacturers need to have very high R & D power to compete with rising global computing to demonstrate technological strength. So, when selecting miners, the primary consideration is to choose powerful and reputable brands and teams.
目前国际知名的比特币矿机厂商主要有两家：比特大陆旗下的蚂蚁矿机以及张楠赓创立的阿瓦隆矿机，后者同时也是全球首款ASIC芯片矿机的缔造者。
Two of the most well-known international miners in Bitcoin are: the ant mine under the flag of Bit and the Avalon mine created by Zhang Nanjing, who is also the creator of the world's first ASIC chip miner.
挑选矿机务必关注三点：算力、功耗和历史口碑。
Three points must be taken into account in the selection of miners: numeracy, power and history.
算力：衡量矿机运算能力的标准，即矿机每秒能进行多少次哈希运算。当前主流比特币矿机的算力约为14T，即每秒能进行14 * 10^13 次哈希碰撞。
Arithmetic: The measure of the capacity of a miner is how many Hashis per second. Currently, the power of a mainstream bitcoin miner is about 14 Ts, i.e. 14 * 10 ~ 13 Harshis collisions per second.
功耗：矿机运行时所需电量的指标，直接影响挖矿成本。鉴于矿机通常全天候连续运作，不同型号矿机间哪怕功耗差异微小，长此以往累计下来的电费支出差距也会十分显著。
Power consumption: The indicator of the amount of electricity required for the operation of a mine machine has a direct impact on the cost of mining. Given that a miner usually operates on a round-the-clock basis, even with small differences in capacity between different types of miners, the accumulated difference in expenditure on electricity will be significant.
历史口碑：反映了矿机厂商的经营稳定性。可通过多种途径了解厂商的整体用户评价、售后服务情况，以及预付矿机是否能如期交付。
History: Reflects the stability of the company’s operations.
选购矿机最为简便的方法之一便是直接选择市面上最新款的现货机型。新款矿机往往拥有较小的功耗和较高的算力，投资回报率更为理想。
One of the easiest ways to purchase a mine machine is to choose directly the current type of the latest money on the market. The new miner tends to have less power and higher numeracy, with a better return on investment.
在此特别提示各位读者，矿机运行时会产生较大噪声，这是矿机的一大缺陷。
In particular, readers are reminded of the large noise generated by the operation of the miner, which is a major flaw in the mine machine.
举例来说，目前市场上较为热门的升级版蚂蚁矿机S9i工作噪音高达76分贝。
For example, an upgraded version of ant mine machine S9i, which is now popular in the market, has as much as 76 dB noise.
76分贝是个什么概念呢？15分贝以下为“静谧”级别；40分贝相当于冰箱的轻微嗡鸣声；60分贝类似面对面交谈的声音强度；70分贝则如同置身于繁华市区。
What is the concept of 76 dBs? The level below 15 dBs is “silent”; 40 dBs are equivalent to the mild sound of the refrigerator; 60 dBs are similar to the sound intensity of face-to-face conversations; and 70 dBs are just like being in a crowded city.
矿机所产生的76分贝噪声几乎与繁忙街道上的汽车轰鸣声相当。因此，在购入矿机之前，请务必认真权衡您自己、家人乃至邻居是否能够承受24小时不间断的噪声侵扰。如若缺乏有效降噪措施，购买需谨慎。
The 76-minute noise generated by the mine machine is almost the same as that of the car in the busy streets. Therefore, before buying the mine, you must carefully weigh whether you, your family, and even your neighbors can withstand the 24-hour noise.
许多消费者正是忽视了矿机的噪音问题，在购买后难以忍受而将其折价转售于二手市场，此举也为一些慧眼识珠的买家提供了实惠的机会。若您对此感兴趣，不妨多加留意二手市场上的交易动态。
Many consumers simply ignore the noise of mining machines and sell their discounts to second-hand markets when they are purchased, which also provides an opportunity for some good-looking buyers. If you are interested in doing so, pay more attention to the trading dynamics of the second-hand market.
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