编者按：2021年被称为元宇宙元年，元宇宙被认为将是互联网终极形态，是可以改变游戏、社交，甚至全人类生活方式的一项新领域，它将帮助人类突破物理局限的窗口，实现更高维度自由的新世界。本期主要介绍元宇宙相关技术情况。
本期要目
元宇宙概念
元宇宙的7层架构
元宇宙的几点展望
元宇宙概念
一、元宇宙是什么
元宇宙是整合多种新技术而产生的新型虚实相融的互联网应用和社会形态，它基于扩展现实技术提供沉浸式体验，基于数字孪生技术生成现实世界的镜像，基于区块链技术搭建经济体系，将虚拟世界与现实世界在经济系统、社交系统、身份系统上密切配合，并且允许每个用户进行内容生成和世界编辑。元宇宙截至目前仍是一个不断发展、演变的概念，不同参与者以自己的方式不断丰富着它的意义。
, what is the meta-cosmos
of a new mosaic of virtual Internet applications and social patterns that combine new technologies that provide a immersive experience based on extended reality technologies that generate images of the real world, that build economic systems based on block-link technologies, that closely align the virtual world with the real world in economic systems, social systems, identity systems, and that allow each user to generate content and edit the world. The meta-cosm is still an evolving and evolving concept, with different participants constantly enriching its meaning in their own ways.
图1 元宇宙简介
二、元宇宙不是什么
元宇宙不等同于电子游戏。元宇宙是集大型多人在线游戏、开放式任务、可编辑世界、XR入口、AI内容生成、经济系统、社交系统、化身系统、去中心化认证系统、现实元素等等因素于一身的集成化新世界，只是目前大多数在用游戏的形态去承载，其本质是具有创造性游玩、开放式探索和与现实连通的“平行宇宙”。
元宇宙不等同于虚拟世界。它是将现实世界中的意义、权力、购买力、价值、情感、注意力、信息、关系、传播力等多方面感知特征和共享特征以3D虚拟空间展示，呈现收敛性和物理持久性特征，比如你坐在家里沙发上，戴上专用设备，短暂加载后，眼前白光一闪，进入一个叫“家”的虚拟世界。那里依然是你的家，对着镜子看到一个和真实世界一样的自己，接下来就可以开始自己的虚拟世界生活，最终元宇宙成为虚拟即现实，现实即虚拟，虚实二界的流动交换。
II; the meta-cosm is not equivalent to electronic games. The meta-cosm is a collection of large crowd online games, open missions, editable worlds, XR entrances, AI content generation, economic systems, social systems, incarnation systems, decentralised certification systems, real elements, etc., which are integrated into a new world, but which is currently dominated by 3D virtual space displays, such as you sitting on a home-based sandbox, wearing a dedicated device.
The meta-cosm is not identical to a virtual world.
三、为什么需要元宇宙
1.技术渴望新产品。5G、AI、XR、数字孪生、大数据、云计算、区块链等新一代信息技术快速发展，对多种新兴技术的统摄性想象。
2.资源寻找新出口。场景化社交、虚拟服装、虚拟偶像、智能制造、少儿教育、线上聚会、虚拟土地等虚拟资源日渐增长，现实叠加虚拟具有广阔商业潜能。
3.用户期待新体验。可编辑开放世界、体感设备、孪生拟真世界、高沉浸度社交、多人实时协作、创造性游戏等用户需求不断增多，为其打造具身交互，摆脱“拇指党”成为新趋势。
4.内卷化平台形态加重。互联网产业在内容载体、传播方式、交互方式、参与感和互动性上长期缺乏突破，导致“没有发展的增长”，打破媒介迭代、交互迭代、观念迭代、经济迭代、社会迭代等桎梏，走出互联网产业内卷化，从Web1.0、Web2.0、移动互联网发展到元宇宙是未来走向。（来源：《2020-2021年元宇宙发展研究报告》）
III; why technology needs the meta-cosmos
1. New products. 5G, AI, XR, digital birth, big data, cloud computing, block chains, etc., and the rapid development of new information technologies.
2. Resources seek new exports. Virtual resources such as landscape socialization, virtual costumes, virtual icons, smart manufacturing, teenage education, online gatherings, virtual lands, etc., are growing and virtuals such as metalogues < >
have great commercial potential.
元宇宙的7层架构
一、基础设施层
包括支持我们的设备、将它们连接到网络并提供内容的技术，如5G/6G、芯片、电池、图像传感器等等。
, infrastructure level
includes technology to support our equipment, connect them to the network and provide content, such as 5G/6G, chip, battery, image sensors, etc. .
二、人机交互层
这一层主要是智能可穿戴设备。目前索尼、微软、Oculus、三星等公司生产VR/AR用头盔好比移动互联网早期的大哥大。很快我们将拥有：可以执行智能手机所有功能以及AR和VR应用程序的智能眼镜；集成3D打印的可穿戴设备的服装；印在皮肤上的微型生物传感器；甚至脑机接口。计算机设备越来越接近我们的身体，将我们变成半机械人——赛博格（cyborg）。
三、去中心化层
这一层是构建元宇宙人与人关系的重要转折，通过这一层，可以把元宇宙的所有资源更公平的分配。分布式计算和微服务为开发人员提供了一个可扩展的生态系统，让他们可以利用在线功能而无需专注于构建或集成后端功能。围绕微交易进行优化的NFT和区块链技术将金融资产从集中控制和托管中解放出来。远边缘计算将使云以低延迟启用强大的应用程序，而不会给我们的设备带来所有工作的负担。
III; decentralized layer
is an important shift in building the relationship between meta-cosm and people, through which all resources of the meta-cosm can be distributed more equitably. Distributive computing and micro-services provide developers with an expanding ecosystem that allows them to use online functions without focusing on building or integrating back-end functions. Optimizing NFT and block chain technologies around micro-trading to free financial assets from centralized control and hosting.
四、空间计算层
这一层将真实计算和虚拟计算进行混合，以消除物理世界和虚拟世界之间的障碍，提供了3D引擎、手势识别、人工智能等等，都是一些提供算法的企业。
IV; space computing layer
mixes real and virtual calculations to remove barriers between the physical and virtual worlds, providing 3D engines, gesture recognition, artificial intelligence, etc., are some of the companies that provide algorithms.
五、创作者经济层
这一层包含创作者每天用来制作人们喜欢的体验的所有技术，以去中心化和开放的方式为独立创作者提供一整套集成的工具、发现、社交网络和货币化功能，使前所未有的人数能够为他人创造经验。
V. This layer contains all the technologies that creators use every day to create popular experiences and provide independent creators with an integrated set of tools, discoveries, social networks and monetization functions in a decentralised and open way, enabling unprecedented numbers to create experience for others.
六、发现层
类似于互联网的门户网站和搜索引擎，这一层提供将人们引入新体验的推和拉。这是一个庞大的生态系统，也是许多大企业最赚钱的生态系统之一。
vi, discovery layer 七、体验层 7; the experience layer 图2 元宇宙7层架构 （来源：企业数字化咨询） 元宇宙的几点展望 一、元宇宙是虚拟与现实的全面交织 i. The meta-cosmos is a complete interwoven of virtual and reality 二、元宇宙将加深思维的表象化 图3 元宇宙将加深思维的表象化过程 三、元宇宙需警惕资本剥削 >, the meta-cosm needs to be vigilant about capital exploitation 图4 元宇宙中的生产闭环 四、去中心机制不等同于去中心化结果 ; decentralisation does not amount to decentralizing results . 五、元宇宙将打开巨大市场空间 , the metaspace will open huge market space 六、推动元宇宙相关技术与行业发展 vi; products that contribute to the development of meta-cosm-related technologies and industries are far away ? ?
similar to Internet portals and search engines that provide push and pull to introduce people into new experiences. This is a vast ecosystem and one of the most profitable ecosystems in many large businesses.
这里是用户直接面对的游戏、社交平台等。许多人把元宇宙想象成是围绕我们的三维空间；但元宇宙不必是 3D 或 2D 的，甚至不一定是图形的；它是关于空间、距离和物体等物理空间的非物质化。
is a game that users face directly, a social platform, and so on. Many people imagine the meta-cosmos as a three-dimensional space around us; but the meta-cosm does not have to be 3D or 2D, or not necessarily graphic; it is about the dematerialization of physical space such as space, distance and object.
元宇宙时代无物不虚拟、无物不现实，虚拟与现实的区分将失去意义；元宇宙将以虚实融合的方式深刻改变现有社会的组织与运作；元宇宙不会以虚拟生活替代现实生活，而会形成虚实二维的新型生活方式；元宇宙不会以虚拟社会关系取代现实中的社会关系，而会催生线上线下一体的新型社会关系；随着虚实融合的深入，元宇宙中的 新型违法犯罪形式将对监管工作形成巨大挑战。
and the distinction between virtual and reality will be meaningless; the meta-cosmos will profoundly change the organization and functioning of existing societies in a way that is falsely integrated; the meta-cosmos will not substitute virtual life for real life, but will form a new two-dimensional way of life; the meta-cosmos will not substitute virtual social relations for social relations in reality and will lead to new forms of social relations that are online; as virtual cosmos deepens, the new forms of delinquency in the meta-cosm will pose significant challenges to regulation.
目前比较热门的电竞选手、游戏解说、游戏直播、游戏代练等等每个用户本质都是玩工，即游玩劳动者，用户在游玩的时候，每分每秒都是在劳动，而生产资料被牢牢攥在平台手里，大多数普通用户，是数字时代的无产阶级，游玩与劳动边界的模糊，遮蔽了资本的剥削性，平台的隐蔽剥削手段使得资本家付出的报酬往往小于用户劳动创造的价值。
, which is now more popular, video games, video games, video games, etc., each user is essentially a player, i.e. a player, who, while playing, is working every second, is locked up on the platform, most ordinary users are the proletary class of the digital age, the blurring of the playing and working boundaries, the exploitative nature of capital, and the hidden exploitation of the platform tends to make capitalists pay less than the value created by the user's labour. /span>
在组织逻辑方面，元宇宙的底层是P2P点对点互联的网络，从而逻辑上绕过了平台中介的需求，对建立在集中化、科层化原则的组织结构形成了挑战。
在分配结果方面，虚拟货币的持有量越来越向大户和机构倾斜，这又带来分配结果上的中心化和垄断。
在内容生产逻辑方面，作为“大规模参与式媒介”，使得元宇宙的主要推动力将来自用户，而不是公司。元宇宙是无数人共同创作的结晶。
在市场竞争结果方面。在内容市场趋向充分竞争的过程中，资本将寻找优秀的内容创作者予以支持。如果平台没有可观的变现机制，优质内容与大型资本的绑定将越来越牢固。
The bottom of the meta-cosm is an interconnected network of P2P points, logically bypassing the needs of platform intermediaries.
In the distribution of results, virtual currency holdings are increasingly tilted toward large households and institutions, which in turn leads to centralization and monopolization of the distribution results.
In the production logic of content, the main driving force of the meta-cosm will come from users, not companies.
The meta-cos are the result of numerous co-authors.
In the process of fully competing content markets, capital will look for good content creators.
1.扩展现实（XR）。即，可理解为包括AR、VR、MR等所有的由计算机技术和可穿戴设备产生的真实虚拟相结合的环境和人机交互。据IDC等机构统计，2020年全球虚拟显示市场规模约为900亿元人民币，其中VR市场620亿元，AR市场280亿元，可以看出AR/VR将作为未来几年消费电子市场发展的重要方向之一。
2.游戏与社交。越来越多的游戏公司，互联网社交公司转向元宇宙开发，Roblox、Facebook、腾讯等游戏公司都在3D、VR等数字内容方面开展布局；社交领域网络已进入第四个时代——身临其境的虚拟世界，已能够提供给玩家沉浸式的VR世界和在线社交服务功能。目前来看，元宇宙公司的市值已达到11000亿美金。
3.5G和元宇宙。随时随地体验、超高的画面要求，要求极高的传输效率，低延迟、用户和玩家迫切需要更加快速和高效的网络体验，用户需求呈现几何级的增长，现有4G网络已无法满足元宇宙玩家的网络要求，市场需求动力将推进5G甚至6G专属应用场景搭建，5G/6G的网络建设将迎来爆发式增长。
4.区块链与元宇宙。区块链技术提供去中心化的清结算平台和价值传递机制，能够保障元宇宙的价值归属与流转，保障经济系统的稳定、高效，区块链技术能为元宇宙提供价值传递的解决方案。目前，元宇宙才刚刚起步，数字货币市场的热点还在继续，市场巨大的挣钱效应，会有越来越多的企业入场。
1. Extended reality (XR). This is understood to mean all environments and humans that are genuinely integrated by computer technology and worn equipment, including AR, VR, MR, etc. According to institutions such as IDC, the global virtual market in 2020 is about 90 billion yuan yuan yuan yuan, of which 62 billion yuan dollars of VR market and 28 billion yuan of AR/VR market power will become one of the important directions in the development of the consumer electronic market in the coming years.
The Internet social companies, which are turning to the mesmerical development, Roblox, Facebook, testoms, etc., will be able to tap into the existing G-drawnawing zone, the power of the Internet, the power of which is needed to feed the growing network, the power of which is available, and the power of which is needed to build up the existing G-to-mast-t-to-t-t-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-be-to-to-be-to-to-to-to-to-to-be-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-be-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to
目前大规模元宇宙的产品还十分遥远，但虚实融合已是互联网发展的大趋势，因此建议一是推动元宇宙相关专精特新技术发展，如：VR、AR、云计算、数字孪生、大数据、物联网、人工智能、智能硬件等；二是推动元宇宙相关行业发展，如：智慧城市、智慧园区、智能汽车、电子商务、数字旅游、教育类游戏、心理治疗、老人陪伴、国潮时尚等；三是推动中国元宇宙产业迈向全球化。（来源：《2020-2021年元宇宙发展研究报告》，互联网财经）
, but virtual integration is a major trend in the development of the Internet. It is therefore recommended that one is to promote the development of new know-how technologies related to the meta-cosmos, such as: VR, AR, cloud computing, digital twin, big data, material networking, artificial intelligence, intelligent hardware, etc.; the second is to promote the development of the meta-cosy-related industries, such as smart cities, smart parks, smart cars, e-commerce, digital tourism, educational games, psychotherapy, old-age escort, national fashion times, etc.; and the third is to contribute to the globalization of China's meso-cosmos industry. (Source: Geocosm Development Study 2020-2021, Internet finance)
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