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从Web1.0到Web3.0
from Web1.0 to Web3.0
既然是Web3.0，那就意味着还有Web1.0和Web2.0。
If it is Web3.0, that means Web1.0 and Web 2.0.
Web1.0是互联网的第一个发展阶段，这个阶段从1994年一直延续到2004年。虽然大众在1994年才接触到Web1.0，但实际上，早在1968年，一个名为“ARPANET”（AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetWork）的美国政府项目就启动了Web1.0。ARPANET最初是由军方承包商和大学教授组成的一个小型网络，他们在其中互相交换数据。
Web1.0 is the first stage in the development of the Internet, from 1994 to 20042004 >. , although the general public only had access to Web1.0 in 1994, actually, as early as 1968, a United States Government project called “ARPANET” (Advanced Research ProjectsAgencyNetWork) launched Web1.0. ARPANET was originally a small network of military contractors and university professors in which they exchanged data with each other.
Web1.0阶段，用户是单纯的内容消费者，内容由网站提供，典型例子就是新闻门户网站，用户之间很少交互。当然，Web1.0并非完全没有交互或支付功能，只是这些功能因为转账基础设施无法保障安全性而受到很大限制。在Web1.0时代中最具创新力的企业就是必胜客。必胜客在1995年开发了一个订购披萨的网页，消费者可以在页面中下单，等到披萨送到后再付现金。
The Web1.0 phase, where users are simple content consumers and content is provided by websites, is typically the news portal , where there is little interaction between users. Of course, Web1.0 is not completely interactive or payment functions, except that these functions are severely constrained by the inability of the transfer infrastructure to provide security. The most innovative enterprise in the Web1.0 era is the winner.
显然，虽然Web1.0是建立在开放的、分散的和社区管理的协议之上，但Web1.0只是一个可读的网络，用户在Web1.0时代，无法与页面的内容进行交互。并且，随着用户数量的增加，Web1.0问题越来越多。
Obviously, while Web1.0 is based on open, decentralized and community-managed agreements, Web1.0 is a readable network where users are unable to interact with the content of the pages in the Web1.0 age. And, as the number of users increases, Web1.0 is increasingly problematic.
Web2.0的诞生，主要是为了克服Web1.0限制，与Web1.0相比，Web2.0主要优势是用户可以和网络交互。当然，Web2.0的诞生，离不开互联网技术的蜕变，由于互联网在网速、光纤基础设施和搜索引擎等方面都取得了发展，因此用户对社交、音乐、视频分享和支付交易的需求大幅上升。
The birth of Web 2.0 was mainly to overcome the Web1.0 , and the main advantage of Web 2.0 is that users can interact with the network . Of course, Web 2.0 was born in isolation from the transformation of Internet technology, and the demand for socialization, music, video sharing and payment of transactions has risen significantly as the Internet developed in terms of Internet speed, fibre-optic infrastructure and search engines.
用户对社交属性的需求也催生出了如今许多互联网企业。Facebook、MySpace和Twitter等社交媒体平台为用户提供了社交功能；Naspter等数据分享软件满足了用户对音乐和视频的需求；Google为用户搜索海量互联网信息提供了捷径。美国银行等传统机构则满足了用户的支付交易和电子转账需求，并采用了256-bitAES等新型加密标准。
Users’ demand for social attributes has also given rise to many Internet businesses today. Social media platforms such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter provide social functions for users; data-sharing software such as Naster meets users’ demand for music and video; Google provides a shortcut for users to search for big Internet information.
这种更具互动性的全新互联网体验为用户带来了许多新的功能，并提升了用户体验。但问题也随之而来，并且直到今天也一直无法彻底解决，那就是：用户如果要使用这些新功能，就必须授权中心化的第三方平台管理大量数据。
This new and more interactive Internet experience has brought many new features to users and enhanced them. But with it, and until today, it has not been possible to solve the problem: if users are to use these new features, they must empower a centralized third-party platform to manage a large amount of data.
因此，这些中心化的实体在数据和内容权限方面被赋予了巨大的权力和影响力，大量的通信和商业行为都集中在少数科技巨头所拥有的封闭平台上，比如谷歌、Meta、亚马逊等等，而这个模式一直运行到今天。
As a result, these central entities have been given enormous power and influence in terms of data and content rights, and a large amount of communication and commercial behaviour has been concentrated on closed platforms owned by a small number of technology giants, such as Google, Meta, Amazon, etc., a model that has been operating until today.
在Web2.0的核心模式下，人们的生活几乎是被核心操控着的。原本互联网的特点是信息的民主化，然而今天，信息越来越不可靠，在某些情况下甚至是有害的。由人工智能创造的仿真人脸，可以通过深度造假和身份盗窃带来更多的社会问题。假新闻在2019年造成的经济损失超过700亿美元，这一现象在未来只会越来越严重。这就给Web3.0的产生，带来了契机。
In the core model of Web 2.0, people’s lives are almost dominated by the core. The original feature of the Internet is the democratization of information, but today it is becoming increasingly unreliable and, in some cases, harmful. Simultaneous faces created by artificial intelligence can bring more social problems through deep forgery and identity theft.
一个全新的互联网模式
a brand-new Internet mode
正如Web2的诞生一样，Web3的到来，与人们想要解决目前互联网存在的问题密切相关。Web3基于区块链而存在，承诺将隐私和数字身份还给用户，同时由于非同质代币（NFTs）和去中心化应用（dApps），实现了新的互动水平。
As with the birth of Web2, the advent of Web3 is closely linked to the desire to solve the current Internet problem. Web3 exists on the basis of block chains, with a commitment to return privacy and digital identity to users, while at the same time achieving a new level of interaction as a result of non-consistency monetities (NFTs) and decentralised applications (dApps).
其中，区块链是安全性和去中心化水平都极高的网络，人们可以在一个共享账本中储存数据、交换价值并记录交易活动，而且这个账本不受任何中心化实体控制。区块链网络是Web3的支柱，提供了安全的执行层，可以在其中创建、发行并交易加密资产，并且开发可编程的智能合约。
The block chain is a highly secure and decentralised network where people can store data, exchange values and record transactions in a shared book, and this account book is not controlled by any centralised entity. The block chain network is the backbone of Web3
智能合约是区块链上不可篡改的程序，利用“如果x是真实的，则执行y”的代码逻辑自动执行交易。可编程的智能合约可以创建去中心化的应用，也就是说所谓的“dApp”。去中心化应用是基于加密经济的协议，为Web3的发展奠定了基础，并将Web3交付到了用户手中。
Smart contracts are inexorable processes in the block chain, using the code logic of "If x is real, then execute y" to automate the transaction. A programmed smart contract can create a decentralised application, the so-called "dapp." Decentralized applications are based on the encryption economy agreement, laying the foundation for the development of Web3 and delivering Web3 to users.
dApp与Web2.0的应用以及Web1.0的静态HTML网页不一样，它们不由任何一个人或组织运行，而是由去中心化的区块链网络运行。去中心化应用看似简单，但却能够打造出点对点金融服务（DeFi）、数据驱动的保险产品以及P2E游戏等非常复杂的自动化系统。
Unlike Web 2.0 applications and Web1.0 static HTML pages, dApp does not run by any person or organization, but by a network of decentralised block chains. Decentralized applications seem simple, but they can create highly sophisticated automated systems such as DeFi, data-driven insurance products, and P2E games.
NFT是非同质化代币，与比特币等同质化代币不同，每个NFT都是独一无二、不可分割的，这也是NFT最重要的价值。因为有区块链技术的支持，即便旁人也能够下载、截取NFT作品，但NFT作品持有者却能够通过数字证书追踪等方式来证明自己手中NFT的原始唯一性。
Each NFT is unique and indivisible , and the most important value of NFT is . Every NFt is unique, and every NFT holder can prove the original uniqueness of the NFT in his possession, for example by means of a digital certificate, because of the support of block-chain technology.
兼具去中心化和交互性的Web3，得以打造了一个全新的互联网模式。在其中，用户可以绕过中介直接交互。dApp用户无需许可即可访问金融工具，以点对点的方式交易加密资产，获得参数型保险理赔，通过NFT交易可验证所有权的数字艺术品，并且在游戏中赚钱。所有这些活动都可以完全绕过中间方直接展开。
A decentralised and interactive Web3, , allows users to interact directly with each other by bypassing the intermediary. dApp users do not need permission to access financial instruments, trade encrypted assets on a point-to-point basis, obtain parameter insurance claims, verify ownership of digital works of art through NFT transactions, and make money in the game.
Web3的建设者希望通过这个创新的架构，打造出更加公平和开放的互联网，用户可以在其中直接展开交互和交易。目前，采用了区块链、智能合约和去中心化预言机网络这三种核心技术的Web3应用已经实现了部分的用例，渗透在房地产、教育、金融、游戏和医疗等各个行业。
The architects of Web3 want to build a fairer and more open Internet through this innovative architecture, where users can interact and trade directly . Currently, the Web3 application, which uses three core technologies: block chains, smart contracts and decentralised prophesy networks, has already been partially implemented, permeating various industries, such as real estate, education, finance, games and medicine.
从这个角度看，Web3.0代表了一种打破这种垄断控制的愿景——基于区块链技术构建的Web3平台和应用程序不会由巨头所有，而是由每个用户拥有，他们将通过帮助开发和维护这些服务来获得所有权。
From this perspective, Web3.0 represents a vision for breaking this monopoly control — the Web3 platform and applications built on block chain technology will not be owned by giants, but by each user, who will acquire ownership by helping to develop and maintain these services.
虽然目前无法预测未来，但Web3的愿景是，以开源协议为基础，以商业作为接口，提供方便的访问和其他更多特性。Web3是一个对所有用户开放的互联网，建立在开放的协议和透明的区块链网络上。消费者与这些协议交互的方式可能是通过新型应用，这种应用提供了与底层技术交互的便利方法。
While it is not possible to predict the future at this time, the vision of Web3 is to provide easy access and other features based on open-source agreements, with commercial interfaces. Web3 is an Internet open to all users, based on open protocols and a transparent network of blocks. Consumer interaction with these agreements may take the form of new applications that provide easy ways to interact with lower-level technologies.
显然，Web3是要重新设计现有的互联网服务和产品，使其能够利好于大众而不仅仅是企业巨头。当然，数据仍然会被用来驱动决策，但不会被用来剥削消费者。数据权利将受到保护，而不仅仅是为了追逐利润。激励机制和市场机制将有助于确保信息的可信度和可验证性。同时，Web3的世界将优先考虑个人的主权，而不是世界上富有的精英和寻租者。
Obviously, Web3 is designed to redesign existing Internet services and products so that they can benefit the public and not just corporate giants. Of course, data will still be used to drive decision-making, but not to exploit consumers. Data rights will be protected, not just to chase profits. Incentives and market mechanisms will help to ensure the credibility and verifiability of information.
打破垄断，有多少可能？
What are the possibilities of breaking a monopoly?
Web3快速得到市场的普及，也让资本闻风而动。
Web3 has been rapidly marketed and has also made capital attractive.
1月20日，推特宣布推出新功能，将拥有NFT的用户头像显示为六边形，这也被业内认为是互联网巨头向Web3转型的第一次尝试。而几乎同一时间，Meta、Youtube、Reddit、Google都宣布尝试推出NFT产品，加入Web3产品的研发中。
On January 20, Twitter announced the introduction of a new feature, displaying the NFT-owned user image as a hexagon, which is also considered to be the first attempt to transform the Internet giant to Web3. Almost the same time, Meta, Youtube, Reddit, and Google announced an attempt to launch the NFT product to join Web3 research and development.
Google母公司AlphabetInc.的首席执行官SundarPichai则直接表示，该公司正在监控区块链行业和Web3的发展。并同时表示许多科技公司都在涌入该领域并拥有数亿美元的投资，Alphabet可能很快也会效仿。
Google’s parent company, AlphabetInc.’s CEO, Sundar Pichai, stated directly that the company was monitoring the development of the block chain industry and Web3. At the same time, it said that many technology companies were pouring in and holding hundreds of millions of dollars in investment, and that Alphabet might soon follow suit.
但现实是，距离Web3的实现仍然有不短的路。在技术规模化上，加密货币现在的市场规模没有想象中高，比特币显然不足以撼动和占领货币市场。量子运算技术则是区块链最大的威胁——采取RSA加密算法的区块链，对现在的科技水平仍然是暂时不可攻克的难题。
But the reality is that there is still a long way to go before Web3 is realized. is technologically large, the market size of encrypted money is not as high as it might be, and bitcoins are clearly not enough to shake and occupy the money market.
除此以外，在Web3所描绘的一系列愿景中，一个很重要的目标就是打破垄断，尤其是打破谷歌和Meta等平台型巨头的垄断。但Web3的反对者则认为，真想要走到互联网的“无政府”去中心化状态，恐怕并不可行。
In addition, one of the most important goals in the set of visions described by Web3 is to break monopolies, especially of platform giants such as Google and Meta. But the opponents of Web3, , argue that it is not feasible to get to the “ungovernment” decentralisation of the Internet.
正如软件工程师GeoffreyHuntley所指出的，目前，大多数区块链，尤其是在NFT领域使用的区块链是无权限的。他认为，Web3的实现，意味着用户存储NFT的数字钱包可能被发送任何内容——包括暴力色情或其他数字形式的骚扰。
As the software engineer Geoffrey Huntley pointed out, most block chains, especially in the field of NFT, are currently unauthorised. In his view, the realization of Web3 means that users can send any content — including violent pornography or other forms of digital harassment — to their digital wallets stored in NFTs.
此外，TWitter前CEOJackDorsey则认为，用户并不拥有Web3，Web3的实际拥有者是项目背后的风投机构（VC）及其有限合伙人（LP），“Web3永远不能逃离他们的激励，最终成了一个带有不同的中心化实体。”
In addition, TWitter's former CEO Jack Dorsey argued that the users did not own Web3, that the actual owners of Web3 were the windfall agency behind the project (VC) and its limited partners (LP), and that “Web3 could never escape their incentives and eventually became a central entity with different features”.
显然，在不被治理的情况下，当前，人们将很难确定Web3的到来究竟让用户拥有了更多权力，还是丧失了更多权力。这需要无数的尝试、消费者行为的转变和技术创新。从现有的互联网——Web2到Web3——的转变是一个几十年的过程，它将从根本上改变我们与互联网交互的方式。
Clearly, in the absence of governance, it will be difficult to determine whether the advent of Web3 gives more power to users or loses more power
互联网已经从根本上改变了我们所生存的世界，这是一个毫无争议的事实。互联网改变了一切——金融市场、文化、选举。10年或20年后，由互联网产生或引起的事件将会更加深度和更加频繁的塑造世界，就像DeFi领导的金融革命一样，Web3革命是不可避免的，而且将会逐步推进，然后一下子就全部推进。 The Internet has fundamentally changed the world in which we live, and it is an uncontroversial fact. The Internet has changed everything — financial markets, culture, elections. Ten or 20 years later, events generated or caused by the Internet will shape the world in greater depth and frequency. Like the DeFi-led financial revolution, the Web3 revolution is inevitable and will move forward, and it will move forward all at once.
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