蚂蚁区块链在司法存证领域的探索与实践

在演讲中，栗志果作为蚂蚁金服司法存证产品负责人向大家分享了蚂蚁区块链在司法领域上的探索，主要包括三个方面，分别是司法链的独特价值，独特能力和实际应用，全方面的向大家展示了目前商业模式升级所面临的问题，通过对区块链领域和司法领域的三个发现进行详细的阐述来展示区块链在司法领域上的能力及其实际价值。

栗志果 蚂蚁金服司法存证产品负责人

In his presentation, Chestnut, as the head of the ants' gold jackets, shared with you three main aspects of the judicial exploration of the ants' block chain, namely its unique value, its unique capabilities and practical application, which showed the problems facing the current upgrading of the business model, and its capacity in the judicial field and its practical value by elaborating on the three findings in the area of block chains and the judicial field.

首先提出一个预测：在2019年，相比于区块链的创业机会来说，中小企业有另一个更大的机会，那就是把传统的商业模式升级为信任商业模式。这种升级的关键有一个秘密的核武器，也就是本文中所谈到的司法链。之所以这样说，是基于包括2018年在内的之前对于司法领域以及区块链领域的三个重要发现，接下来就详细分享这三个发现。

First, one predicts that in 2019, there is another greater opportunity for SMEs to upgrade traditional business models to trust business models than business opportunities in block chains. The key to such upgrading is a secret nuclear weapon, the judicial chain referred to in this paper. This is based on three important findings that were made before, including in 2018, in the area of justice and in the area of block chains, which are then shared in detail.

司法链的独特价值
第一个重要的发现就是司法链背后有一个非常坚实的架构基础，并处于历史的发展时期，这个发展时期被称为互联网的最后一公里，其实在过去的20年中，互联网行业的关键词是连接。在PC互联网时代，通过PC互联的方式对终端进行连接，在那个时代，发现这个趋势的企业都抓住了门户、搜索引擎这样巨大的商业机会，2013年，进入到了移动互联网时代，很多人都不太相信移动互联网时代的关键词还是连接。在这个时代通过移动互联网的方式把许多智能终端、个人设备连接在一起，在端设备的数量以及在线时间得到了极大的提升。在这个阶段抓住机会的人便造就了微博、微信、支付宝这些超级应用。而目前关注到一个非常重要的变化就是随着连接变化不断扩大的同时，连接质量也发生了非常大的变化，这被称为第二条曲线，也就是说原来连接的对象是信息，现在很可能变成了资产。

The first important finding of the unique value of the judicial chain of is that there is a very solid structural foundation behind the judicial chain and that it is in a period of historical development, known as the last kilometre of the Internet, where the key word in the Internet industry has been connected for the past 20 years. In the PC Internet age, when terminals have been connected through PC-connected means, companies that have found this trend have seized such huge business opportunities as portals, search engines, and, in 2013, into the mobile Internet age, many are less convinced that the key words of the mobile Internet era are still connected.

那么资产和信息有什么不同呢？主要的不同有三点，第一点，资产是唯一的，而信息是可以被无限复制的。在互联网时代，通过复制的方式可以让信息传递的成本降到最低，但连接的对象是资产时，便出现了一个致命伤，那就是无法通过复制的方式进行传递，这个资产给了一个人后就不能再给其他人了。第二点，资产和信息相比，资产更加脆弱，或者说更加珍贵。资产就是钱，在信息数字化的过程中，可以很方便的把信息放在互联网上，但是对于资产来说，这样是行不通的，因为资产的背后是真实的利益，第三点：资产和信息相比，资产对于安全性的要求非常高，很多问题也必须去面对，包括黑客、竞争对手的攻击，欺诈等，这些都是链接资产需要解决的问题。这也就是资产和信息的第三个不同点，资产如果发生了纠纷是需要解决的，在现实中，可以让法院来解决，但如果是在互联网中，是很难处理的。

What is the difference between assets and information? There are three main points, the first of which is that the asset is the only one, and the information can be reproduced indefinitely. In the Internet age, the cost of transmitting information can be minimized by means of reproduction, but when the connection is made to the asset, there is a fatal injury that the asset cannot be transmitted by means of replication, and the asset can no longer be delivered to another person. The second point is that assets and information are more vulnerable or valuable than assets. The asset is money, which can easily be placed on the Internet in the process of digitizing information, but this is not feasible for the asset, because the asset is a real benefit, and the third point is that the asset and information are very demanding for security, and many problems have to be addressed, including black people, rival attacks, fraud, etc. These are the third difference in assets and information. That is the third difference in assets and information, where disputes are to be resolved, and in reality, it is difficult for the court to resolve them, but if it is in the Internet.

上述所说的资产的三个特点是很难通过传统的互联网方式去解决的。同时互联网的发展使得人们越来越懒，如果在10年前，很多人还能够接受资产连接会花费得时间比较久，但是现在人们就很难接受，比如为了签署一个合同，需要花费两到三周的时间进行邮寄，为了做一个跨境支付在很多传统机构中频繁出入，花费高额的成本。而且与20年前的连接方式相比，目前互联网的连接难度变大了许多，因为许多人发现信息被连接后，数据变得很有价值，那有价值怎么办，只能把价值沉下来，沉下来就变成了价值深井，规模越大，价值越深，同时会形成另外的一个问题，叫做数据孤岛。这些问题都是司法链需要考虑并加以解决的。

坦白的说，法院在信息互连的20多年间，一直走在信息化的末尾，直到今天，对于电子数据的认证，在法庭上也是非常困难的。因为电子数据具有脆弱性，可篡改性，需要通过各种形式来证明当时的证据是有效的，所以很难被法院认可成为证据。但现在，法院是站在历史的机会节点上，是有机会成为数据产生、完成连接的基础组成部分。资产一定会发生纠纷，发生纠纷后将会由法院进行全链路的审核。这是一个独特的价值，是互联网最后一公里的价值，通过连接的方式，连接资产，打破数据孤岛、价值深井，这才是真正的价值完成，这种模式实际上是属于中小企业的，包括个人用户，以上便是司法链的价值基础。

The three features of the assets described above are difficult to solve by means of the traditional Internet. At the same time, the development of the Internet has made it more and more lazy. If it were to be accepted 10 years ago, many people would have been able to accept asset connections for a longer time, but now it is difficult to accept, for example, that it would take two to three weeks for a contract to be signed, to be mailed, to pay for frequent cross-border access to many traditional institutions, at a high cost.

司法链的独特能力
接下来讲的二个发现，在做资产连接的时候，要求其实是非常高的，因此在探索上文的模式时发现司法链有一个非常独特的能力，那就是其实是一个原子级别的信任连接器。用最简单的方式想一想，如果出现一个价值孤岛，需要对它进行连接，一定有各种各样的连接方式，连接主要有四种方式，第一种就是不进行连接，把它放在银行保险柜里面，第二种方式是坏的连接，即通过技术的领先性、不平等性，通过黑客技术剥夺数据资产的拥有权，当没有合法连接的时候，坏的连接一定存在，第三种是看起来是好的连接，但实际上是脆弱的连接，现在又很多连接的方式，在市场形势比较好、泡沫比较大的情况下拥有一定的市场，但一旦碰到真正的价值落地就破裂了，第四种就是司法链，用15个字可以概况，即全流程记录、全链路可信、全节点见证。

The two next steps in the judicial chain found that the requirements were very high when asset connections were made, and that in exploring the above model, the judicial chain had a very unique ability, which was actually an atomic-level trust connector. Imagine, in the simplest way, that if an island of value appeared, it needed to be connected in a variety of ways. There were four main ways to connect, the first was not to connect in a bank safe, the second was bad connections, which was to deprive the data asset of ownership by technology, inequality, hacking technology, and when there was no legal connection, the third was to appear to be a good connection, but it was actually fragile, and there were now many ways to connect, with a certain market in a better market situation and a bigger bubble, but once the real value had fallen, the fourth was to break in the judicial chain, and the fourth was to have a complete flow record, the entire chain of 15 words, which could be seen as credible, the whole of the chain.

接下来看一下司法链的能力是什么。在讲能力的时候要看司法链解决的具体问题是什么，首先第一个问题是资产是脆弱的，因此在进行资产的连接时要能够具备真实安全的基本特点。安全包括隐私保护，这并不是一个简单的事情，支付宝诞生的第一天就是从担保交易开始的，解决的问题时买方和卖方之前交易的真实性，后来，基于支付宝，提出了芝麻信用，很多人都有芝麻信用积分，通过以往的信用记录，对用户能否履约提供大数据、人工智能方面的参考，使得真实安全更进了一步。接下来便到了区块链，区块链提供了一项非常重要的能力，那就是真实不可篡改，使得信任在真实安全的级别上又向前推进了很大的一步。因此司法链解决的第一个问题就是做资产相应的连接一定要保证最底层的连接器是真实安全的，这种真实安全不是放在口头上说的，也不是在实验室里的技术，而是经过用户的认可，市场的考验和大规模业务量的考验的。

第二个问题非常关键，当通过一个真实安全的连接器把大家连接到一起，一旦数据资产被侵害了，发生了纠纷要如何处理？司法区块链这两年一直是朝这个方向进行的，通过把公证处、司法鉴定中心、法院拉入司法链的最底端，对数据进行相应的鉴定，保证了一旦数据资产发生纠纷，能够被公正有效的处理。这是一种非常强大的制度，这也是司法链是解决互联网最后一公里问题的真命天子的根本原因。到目前为止，司法链已经保证了技术可信和制度可信。

The first is that the assets are fragile, so that the connection to the assets provides an essential feature of real security. Security, including privacy protection, is not a simple matter, since the first day of the existence of the payment treasure is the beginning of the secured transaction, the trueness of the transaction between the buyer and the seller at the time the issue is resolved, and then, based on the payment of the money, the sesame credit points are raised, and many people have sesame credit points, which, through previous credit records, provide users with great data, artificial intelligence references on their ability to perform, make real security even more important. The second is that the chain provides a very important capability, which makes trust a great step forward at the level of real security.

但这还不够，接下来便介绍第三个关键问题。第三个问题是在资产的互联中，连接的成本不能过高，用户已经养成了点一点鼠标、搜索按钮就能获得无数信息的习惯。区块链火了许多年，但到目前为止真正的用户不到2000万，且日活很低的原因，一是太难用，二就是使用成本太高。因此在进行资产连接时，必须是非常简单的，非常易用的，成本很低的。就像支付宝最开始在做实名认证的时候，可以通过人脸扫描的方式很快的完成用户的支付，同时安全级别很高。所以真正的连接器要具有低成本，高应用性的特点。基于上述三个独特的问题，阿里于9月18日和杭州互联网法院一起发布了原子级别的信任连接器打造的互联网司法链。

司法应用案例
最后我们来说最后一个发现，那就是区块链的机会其实是在中小企业手中，最大的红利是在中小企业上而不一定是区块链的用户，司法链从9月18号发布到12月5号，整个业务规模已经超过了1200万。得到了大量企业用户的认可，证明了司法链的市场的确是非常旺盛的。

而且有很多先行者也进行信任连接器的打造。事实上，信任连接器的打造一定不是只有一家公司能完成的，它是需要联合、联盟的方式来进行的，当信任连接器打造好后，会给商户，商业模式带来很大的升级机会，这种升级机会可能是以前从未想到的。首先司法链能够大大提升用户的维权效果，举一个例子，在中国，版权的保护是非常落后的，像是图片领域只有5%的正版，其余的都是盗版，但是维权从立案到审判，一审需要8个月的时间，获得的赔偿仅有500-600元，但是花费的时间成本、经济成本远远超过赔偿金额。但司法链的出现可能会造成一个颠覆性的变化，因为可以使维权成本降低一到两个数量级。其次，司法链可以增强品牌的信任度，一方面使企业是和司法链，和政府认可的品牌、平台站在一起，另一方面使企业通过信任连接的方式把自身的商业模式清晰透明地告诉用户，使用户产生非常强的信任感。特别是创业者，能够在早期就拥有巨大的流量。最后，司法链解决的是互联网最后一公里的问题，使得用户的使用成本产生非常大的下降。因此使用司法链的模式是真的是让传统商业模式升级成为信任商业模式。
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The third problem is that, in the context of the interconnection of assets, the cost of connectivity cannot be too high, and users have become a habit of obtaining numerous information by a little mouse, search buttons. Block chains have been burning for many years, but so far the real users are less than 20 million, and the reason for their very low daily life is that it is too difficult to use it. Therefore, the connection must be very simple, very easy to use and very low cost. Just as payment of the treasure is the first time that it can be authenticated, the cost of the connection is not too high, and the user of the link can be very high.

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