每经记者 肖乐 每经编辑 毕陆名
Every reporter, Shawla, every editor, Brewer's name.
9月14日，比特币中国公告宣布，即日起停止新用户注册，2017年9月30日数字资产交易平台将停止所有交易业务。公告一出，比特币价格应声暴跌。
On 14 September, the Bitcoin China announcement announced that the registration of new users would be suspended as of that date, and that the digital asset trading platform would cease all trading operations on 30 September 2017. Once the announcement was made, the Bitcoin price should fall sharply.
就在9月13日，中国互联网金融协会（以下简称互金协会）发布《关于防范比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”风险的提示》（以下简称《提示》）。《提示》指出比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”缺乏明确的价值基础，市场投机气氛浓厚，价格波动剧烈，投资者盲目跟风炒作，易造成资金损失，投资者需强化风险防范意识。值得注意的是，互金协会明确表示，各类所谓“币”的交易平台在我国并无合法设立的依据。
Just on September 13, the Chinese Internet Finance Association (hereinafter referred to as the Mutual Gold Association) issued a reminder on protection against so-called “virtual currency” risks, such as Bitcoin (hereinafter referred to as the “Guide”). The reminder states that so-called “virtual currency” such as Bitcoin lacks a clear value base, that there is a strong climate of market speculation, that prices are volatile, that investors are blind and active, that they are prone to financial losses, and that investors need to strengthen their awareness of risk prevention.
“虚拟货币”已成违法犯罪工具
"virtual currency" has become a criminal tool
今年以来，比特币等“虚拟货币”价格快速攀升，而我国是全球比特币交易的重要市场。国家互联网金融安全技术专家委员会此前发布的国内比特币交易情况监测报告显示，2017年以来，以比特币、以太坊等为代表的“虚拟货币”价格和市值快速飙升。2017年上半年，全球主要“虚拟货币”市值总和由177亿美元增长至1000亿美元。今年7月，国内比特币交易成交额为301.7亿元，环比下降11.6%，占全球总交易量的30%。
The price of “virtual currency” such as Bitcoin has risen rapidly since this year, and our country is a major global market for bitcoin transactions. The monitoring report on domestic bitcoin transactions, previously published by the National Technical Expert Committee on Internet Financial Security, shows that the price and market value of “virtual currency” – represented by bitcoin, Taiku, etc. – has risen rapidly since 2017. The market value of the world’s main “virtual currency” rose from $17.7 billion to $100 billion in the first half of 2017.
互金协会指出，近年来，比特币、莱特币以及各类代币等所谓“虚拟货币”在一些互联网平台进行集中交易，涉众人数逐渐扩大，所形成的金融和社会风险隐患不容忽视。
It noted that, in recent years, so-called “virtual currencies”, such as Bitcoin, Latcoin and various tokens, have been traded centrally on a number of Internet platforms, and that the number of people involved has gradually expanded, resulting in financial and social risks that cannot be ignored.
互金协会表示，比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”缺乏明确的价值基础，市场投机气氛浓厚，价格波动剧烈，投资者盲目跟风炒作，易造成资金损失，投资者需强化风险防范意识。值得注意的是，比特币等所谓“虚拟货币”日益成为洗钱、贩毒、走私、非法集资等违法犯罪活动的工具，投资者应保持警惕，发现违法犯罪活动线索应立即报案。
According to the Association, so-called “virtual currency” such as Bitcoin lacks a clear value base, there is a strong climate of speculation in the market, price volatility, the blindness of investors and the risk of financial loss. It is worth noting that so-called “virtual currency” such as Bitcoin is increasingly used as a tool for criminal activities, such as money-laundering, drug trafficking, smuggling, and illegal fund-raising.
《每日经济新闻》记者查阅中国裁判文书网发现，国内已有不少涉及到比特币洗钱、诈骗的案件判决。2016年7月的一份民事判决书显示，犯罪嫌疑人许某利用乐酷达公司网站“OKCoin”交易平台，分34笔购买价值约200万元的比特币553.0346个。在进行比特币买入的同时，许某操作该账户进行提币业务，先后分4笔将购买的553.0346个比特币全部提出平台，转移到在“blockchanl”网站注册的比特币钱包，其后在中国澳门地下钱庄将比特币卖出，帮助诈骗分子完成洗钱。
According to a civil judgement of July 2016, the suspect may have purchased 34 bitcoin 553.0346 items worth approximately $2 million using the “OKCoin” trading platform of Lecupta's website. In parallel with the purchase of bitcoins, he may have been allowed to operate the account to carry out a money-deposit operation, with all of the 553.0346 bitcoins purchased in four instalments to be transferred to the Bitcoin wallets registered on the “blockchanl” website, and then to sell the bitcoins to help the fraudsters to complete their money-laundering operations in Macao, China.
判决书指出，乐酷达公司在账户充值及交易出现异常时，未按中国人民银行等五部委发布《关于防范比特币风险的通知》的规定切实履行客户身份识别、可疑交易报告等法定反洗钱义务，即未核实身份就为账户充值，对账户的异常交易情况视而不见。除了洗钱，通过比特币平台诈骗的违法犯罪活动也有判例存在。2016年4月的一份刑事裁定书显示，刘刚、金海、黄立金结伙通过以虚假身份信息注册所谓的比特币交易运营公司、虚构公司股东结构、投资背景、股权认购、充值送股权等方式，骗取他人信任并在其开设的网站上进行比特币交易、对赌，在将客户的比特币变现占有后，伪造网站被黑客攻击的假象，关闭网站并逃匿，主观上非法占有他人财物的故意明显，依法应以诈骗罪论处。
In addition to money-laundering, the judgement states that Lecupta did not effectively fulfil its legal anti-money-laundering obligations, such as customer identification and suspicious transaction reports, as required by the Circular on Protection against the Risk of Bitcoin issued by five ministries, including the People's Bank of China, in the event of an anomaly in its account. In addition to money-laundering, there are also precedents for criminal offences involving fraud through the Bitcoin platform. A criminal decision of April 2016 showed that Liu Gang, Kim Hae, Huang Liqin and the so-called Bitcoe trading operators, the fictional company's shareholder structure, investment background, stock acquisition, stock exchange rights, etc., fraudulently trust others and engage in bitcoal transactions on their own websites.
比特币中国月底停止所有交易
bitcoinstops all transactions in China at the end of the month
目前，国内OKCoin币行（占比22.5%）、比特币中国（占比19.7%）和火币网（占比18.2%）三个交易平台的交易量最大，三者合计占比达60%。其他众多“虚拟货币”交易所占据剩下40%的市场份额。
Currently, the three trading platforms of the domestic OKCoin bank (22.5 per cent), Bitcoin China (19.7 per cent) and the Currency Net (18.2 per cent), together accounting for 60 per cent, have the largest volume of transactions. Many other “virtual currency” exchanges account for the remaining 40 per cent of the market share.
互金协会在9月13日的《提示》中指出，各类所谓“币”的交易平台在我国并无合法设立的依据。一位资深互联网金融律师向《每日经济新闻》记者表示，按照相关规定，交易所的设立应该要有地方金融办的批复，而我们现在看到的交易所的经营范围是没有金融办批复的。
In its Note of September 13, the Mutual Gold Association states that there is no legal basis for all types of so-called “currency” trading platforms in our country. A senior Internet finance lawyer has indicated to the Daily Economic News journalist that the exchange should be set up with the approval of a local financial office, and that the scope of operation of the exchange we are now seeing is non-financial.
日前，多家财经媒体报道，监管决定关闭中国境内“虚拟货币”的交易所，这涉及“OKCoin币行”“火币网”和“比特币中国”等为代表的所有“虚拟货币”与法币之间的交易所。
A number of financial and media reports have recently led to regulatory decisions to close “virtual currency” exchanges in China, involving all exchanges between “virtual currency” and French currency, such as “OKCoin” and “bitcoin China”.
“比特币中国”是上述三家主流交易所中最先宣布关停交易的平台。“比特币中国”在公告中表示，根据9月4日下发的《中国人民银行中央网信办工业和信息化部 工商总局 银监会 证监会 保监会关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》文件精神，秉承着防范投资风险，最大限度保障用户利益的原则，比特币中国团队经慎重讨论，决定比特币中国数字资产交易平台即日起停止新用户注册；2017年9月30日数字资产交易平台将停止所有交易业务。比特币中国的矿池（国池）等业务将不受此影响，继续正常运营。
“Bitcoin” is the first of the three major exchanges to declare a cut-off. “Bitcoin China” states in its bulletin that, in accordance with the communiqué issued on 4 September by the Central Network Information Agency of the People’s Bank of China, the Department of Industry and Commerce of the Bank of China, the Superintendency of Trade and Information, the Superintendence of Securities, the bulletin on protection against the risk of financing the issuance of tokens, the principles of investment risk prevention and maximum protection of the interests of users, the Bitcoin China team, after careful discussion, decided to suspend the registration of new users from the Bitcoin China Digital Assets Trading Platform as soon as possible; the Digital Assets Trading Platform will cease all trading operations on 30 September 2017.
火币网9月9日发布公告表示，监管机构并没有宣布比特币本身非法，也没有禁止用户和用户之间的点对点交易，持有的比特币仍然可以以点对点的方式进行交易变现。OKCoin币行此前也表示，如果相关监管消息属实，将停止目前的比特币对人民币的交易，转型为数字资产点对点交易的信息平台。
The tender network issued a circular on 9 September stating that the regulators did not declare Bitcoin as illegal per se, nor did they prohibit point-to-point transactions between users, and that the holding of bitcoin could still be realized by point-to-point transactions. The OKCoin line also previously stated that if the relevant regulatory information was correct, the current Bitcoin transactions against the renminbi would be discontinued and transformed into an information platform for digital asset point-to-point transactions.
数字货币市场资深分析师肖磊向《每日经济新闻》记者表示，点对点交易的风险还是比较大的，因为牵扯到人民币的转账问题，信用保证很难，因此投资者和交易者面临比较大的信用风险；对于国家来说，这种点对点交易基本没法监控，可能会带来比较大的资金外流或非法交易的风险。
Senior analysts of the digital money market, Xiao Xiao, told Daily Economic News journalists that the risk of point-to-point transactions was still greater, as it was difficult to secure credit because of the problems associated with the transfer of the renminbi, and that investors and traders were therefore exposed to greater credit risks; for the State, such points were largely unmonitored of point-to-point transactions and could lead to a greater risk of financial outflows or illicit transactions.
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